Yu Cong-Cong, Zhao Wei-Tuo, Gao Xiao-Feng, Cheng Sheng-Gao, Huang Ting, Yin Yi-Meng, Zhao Zhen-Li
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
The Center of Environmental Engineering and Assessment, No. 203 Research Institute of Nuclear Industry, Xianyang 712000, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2017 Mar 8;38(3):993-1001. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201607159.
To investigate the distribution characteristics and the human health risks of heavy metals in surface water samples, 30 samples were collected around electroplating factories of Machong, Shatian, Humen, Changan and Dalingshan towns in Dongguan city, 8 heavy metals(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) contents were measured and analyzed by using multivariate statistical analysis method and human health risk assessment model. The results showed that the maximum concentrations of Cr, Pb and the average concentration of Hg exceeded Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002, Grade Ⅲ), the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Zn and Pb during rainy season were all higher than that those during dry season. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn mainly originated from the contaminated electroplating factories, Pb and Hg were mainly affected by the traffic sources, and As was significantly correlated with natural sources. Health risk assessment result of surface water indicated that heavy metal pollution would lead to high health risks especially for children, and the health risks of heavy metals through drinking pathway were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the values caused by dermal contact pathway. Moreover, carcinogenic risks caused by Cr and As were higher than the maximum allowance levels (5×10 a), and non-carcinogenic risks of the heavy metals (10-10 a) decreased in the order of Pb > Ni > Cu > Hg > Zn, which were 4-5 orders of magnitude lower than the maximum allowance levels.
为研究地表水样中重金属的分布特征及对人体健康的风险，在东莞市麻涌、沙田、虎门、长安和大岭山镇的电镀厂周边采集了30个样品，采用多元统计分析方法和人体健康风险评估模型对8种重金属（砷、镉、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅和锌）的含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明，铬、铅的最大浓度以及汞的平均浓度超过了《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838 - 2002，Ⅲ类），雨季铬、铜、汞、镍、锌和铅的浓度均高于旱季。多元统计分析表明，镉、铬、铜、镍和锌主要来源于受污染的电镀厂，铅和汞主要受交通源影响，砷与自然源显著相关。地表水健康风险评估结果表明，重金属污染会导致较高的健康风险，尤其是对儿童而言，通过饮水途径摄入重金属的健康风险比经皮肤接触途径高2 - 3个数量级。此外，铬和砷所致的致癌风险高于最大可接受水平（5×10⁻⁵ a⁻¹），重金属的非致癌风险（10⁻⁶ - 10⁻⁴ a⁻¹）由高到低依次为铅＞镍＞铜＞汞＞锌，比最大可接受水平低4 - 5个数量级。
