Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2018 Aug;211:282-293. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.034. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
Residents of neighbourhoods with high destination accessibility (higher population density, more-interconnected streets, and better access to services, public transport and parks) are more physically active. Evidence on the factors that underlie these associations is sparse and inconsistent.
We examined (1) five socio-demographic and four non-destination perceived neighbourhood attributes as moderators of the relationship between objectively-assessed destination accessibility and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); (2) perceived indicators of destination accessibility as mediators of those relationships; and, (3) the generalizability of findings across 14 cities.
Data were from the International Physical Activity and Environment Network (IPEN) Adult study (N = 6822), which provided comparable objective and perceived environmental variables and accelerometer-based MVPA from 14 cities across 10 countries. Mediation and mediation moderation analyses were performed.
Objective net residential density, public transport density, and number of parks in the neighbourhood were consistently associated with MVPA across all examined socio-demographic groups and non-destination perceived neighbourhood characteristics. However, only the association between number of parks and MVPA was mediated by its conceptually-comparable perceived indicator. While the associations of objective intersection density and land use mix with MVPA were moderated by both gender and perceived pedestrian infrastructure/safety, only the latter moderating effects were mediated by the conceptually-comparable perceived indicators. Perceived neighbourhood safety and/or aesthetics moderated the associations of objective ratio of retail/civic land to total area and distance to nearest transport stop with MVPA. These associations were not mediated by the conceptually-comparable perceived indicators.
Densely populated neighbourhoods with access to public transport and parks have the potential to significantly and equitably contribute to adults' MVPA on a global scale. Perceived neighbourhood aesthetics, pedestrian-friendliness and safety can magnify the positive effects of mixed-use neighbourhoods on residents' MVPA by interacting with the perceived ease of access to a variety of destinations.
居住在可达性高的社区（人口密度较高、街道之间相互连通度更高、且更便于享受服务、公共交通和公园）的居民身体活动量更大。然而，目前有关这些关联的基础因素的证据还很少且不一致。
我们检验了（1）五个社会人口学和四个非目的地感知的社区属性是否为客观评估的目的地可达性与中等到剧烈身体活动（MVPA）之间关系的调节因素；（2）感知目的地可达性指标是否为这些关系的中介因素；以及（3）这些发现是否在 14 个城市中具有普遍性。
数据来自国际体力活动与环境网络（IPEN）成人研究（N=6822），该研究来自 10 个国家的 14 个城市，提供了可比的客观和感知环境变量以及基于加速度计的 MVPA。进行了中介和中介调节分析。
在所有检查的社会人口学群体和非目的地感知社区特征中，客观净居住密度、公共交通密度和社区内的公园数量与 MVPA 始终呈正相关。然而，只有公园数量与 MVPA 之间的关联是由其概念上可比的感知指标所介导的。虽然客观交叉口密度和土地利用混合度与 MVPA 的关联受到性别和感知行人基础设施/安全的双重调节，但只有后者的调节作用是由概念上可比的感知指标介导的。感知社区安全和/或美观调节了客观零售/公民用地与总面积之比和到最近交通站的距离与 MVPA 的关联。这些关联不受概念上可比的感知指标的影响。
在全球范围内，可达性高的、人口密集的社区如果能够提供公共交通和公园，就有可能对成年人的 MVPA 产生重大且公平的影响。感知社区的美观、适宜步行性和安全性可以通过与感知到的前往各种目的地的便利性相互作用，放大混合用途社区对居民 MVPA 的积极影响。
