Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7PY, UK.
Nat Commun. 2018 Jul 2;9(1):2565. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04889-z.
Estimates of recent biodiversity change remain inconsistent, debated, and infrequently assessed for their functional implications. Here, we report that spatial scale and type of biodiversity measurement influence evidence of temporal biodiversity change. We show a pervasive scale dependence of temporal trends in taxonomic (TD) and functional (FD) diversity for an ~50-year record of avian assemblages from North American Breeding Bird Survey and a record of global extinctions. Average TD and FD increased at all but the global scale. Change in TD exceeded change in FD toward large scales, signaling functional resilience. Assemblage temporal dissimilarity and turnover (replacement of species or functions) declined, while nestedness (tendency of assemblages to be subsets of one another) increased with scale. Patterns of FD change varied strongly among diet and foraging guilds. We suggest that monitoring, policy, and conservation require a scale-explicit framework to account for the pervasive effect that scale has on perceived biodiversity change.
关于最近生物多样性变化的估计仍然存在不一致、有争议的情况，并且很少对其功能影响进行评估。在这里，我们报告称，生物多样性测量的空间尺度和类型会影响时间生物多样性变化的证据。我们展示了北美繁殖鸟类调查中大约 50 年的鸟类组合记录和全球灭绝记录中分类（TD）和功能（FD）多样性时间趋势的普遍尺度依赖性。除了全球尺度外，所有尺度的平均 TD 和 FD 都在增加。TD 的变化超过了 FD 向大尺度的变化，表明功能具有弹性。随着尺度的增加，组合的时间差异和周转率（物种或功能的替代）下降，而嵌套性（组合倾向于成为彼此的子集）增加。FD 变化的模式在饮食和觅食群体之间存在强烈差异。我们认为，监测、政策和保护需要一个明确的尺度框架，以解释尺度对感知生物多样性变化的普遍影响。
