Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2019 Feb;26(1):127-162. doi: 10.3758/s13423-018-1491-0.
We generalize the circular 2D diffusion model of Smith (Psychological Review, 123, 425-451: 2016) to provide a new model of speeded decision-making in multielement visual displays. We model decision-making in tasks with multielement displays as evidence accumulation by a vector-valued diffusion process in a hypersphere, whose radius represents the decision criterion for the task. We show that the methods used to derive response time and accuracy predictions for the 2D model can be applied, with only minor changes, to predict performance in higher-dimensional spaces as well. We apply the model to the double-target deficit paradigm of Duncan (Psychological Review, 87, 272-300: 1980) in which participants judge whether briefly presented four-element displays contain one- or two-digit targets among letter distractors. A 4D version of the hyperspherical diffusion model correctly predicted distributions of response times and response accuracy as a function of task difficulty in single-target and double-target versions of the task. The estimated drift rate parameters from the model imply that the mental representation of the decision alternatives, which we term the "decision template" for the task, encodes configural stimulus properties that reflect the number of targets in the display. Along with its application to multielement decision-making, the model has the potential to characterize the speed and accuracy of multiattribute decisions in studies of cognitive categorization, visual attention, and other areas.
我们将史密斯的圆形 2D 扩散模型推广到多维视觉显示中，以提供一种新的多元素决策模型。我们将多元素显示任务中的决策建模为向量值扩散过程在超球体内的证据积累，其半径表示任务的决策标准。我们表明，用于推导二维模型的响应时间和准确性预测的方法可以应用于更高维空间的性能预测，只需进行一些小的更改。我们将该模型应用于邓肯的双目标缺陷范式（《心理学评论》，87，272-300：1980），参与者判断短暂呈现的四元素显示是否包含数字目标和字母干扰项。超球扩散模型的 4D 版本正确地预测了任务的单目标和双目标版本中响应时间和响应准确性的分布作为任务难度的函数。从模型中估计的漂移率参数表明，决策替代方案的心理表示，我们称之为任务的“决策模板”，编码了反映显示中目标数量的配置刺激特性。除了应用于多元素决策之外，该模型还有潜力描述认知分类、视觉注意和其他领域的研究中多属性决策的速度和准确性。
