Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Department of Wood, Pulp, and Paper, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovak Republic.
Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Department of Wood, Pulp, and Paper, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovak Republic.
J Biotechnol. 2018 Sep 20;282:46-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.06.349. Epub 2018 Jun 30.
The scientific community, experts in technology and marketing have been seeking cost-competitive and green solvents with good dissolving capacity for the valorisation of biomass and biowaste. Along with traditional solvents and techniques, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and their bio-analogues, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) are currently emerging as a new class of promising liquid media. In this review, a comprehensive summary of recent contribution of DESs to the processing and valorisation of various kinds of plant and animal based biomass and biowaste is provided. In the field of food industry based and agro-forest waste valorisation, through treatment of the waste, by-products, and natural materials by DESs, several types of compounds, such as flavonoids and other plant phenolics, phenolic acids, stilbenes, tannins, lignans, and lignin were obtained. Extraction of algae by DESs led to isolation mainly of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Vegetable oils, spent oils, residues and by-products of their processing are a rich source of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and phenolic alcohols, secoiridoid derivatives (aglycone and ligstroside), lignans (pino and acetoxypinoresinol), flavones (luteolin and apigein), tocopherols and tocotrienols. Dietary fibre serves as a source of lignin, pectic substances, gums, resistant starch, inulin, as well as non-carbohydrate components, e.g., polyphenols, waxes, saponins, cutin, phytates, resistant proteins. Valorisation of wastes originated from animal processing by DESs means obtaining high-value chemicals including amino acids, proteins, bioactive peptides, collagen peptides, albumin etc. Through the valorisation of the mentioned waste types value-added products with potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries are produced. The paper gathered data on the used DESs, treated substances and obtained products, together with treatment conditions and the products yields. The evaluation of the state-of-the-art in the field of biowaste valorisation using DESs and NADESs led to conclusions and indication of future prospects and predicted development in this field.
科学界、技术和营销专家一直在寻找具有成本竞争力和绿色环保的溶剂，以提高生物质和生物废物的价值。除了传统溶剂和技术外，深共晶溶剂（DESs）及其生物类似物、天然深共晶溶剂（NADESs）也正在成为一类有前途的新型液体介质。在这篇综述中，全面总结了 DESs 在处理和提高各种植物和动物生物质和生物废物价值方面的最新进展。在食品工业和农林废物利用领域，通过 DESs 处理废物、副产物和天然材料，可以获得多种化合物，如类黄酮和其他植物酚类、酚酸、芪类、单宁、木脂素和木质素。DESs 提取藻类主要得到蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂类和核酸。植物油、废油、加工副产物是酚类化合物如酚酸和酚醇、西奥里多因衍生物（配基和橄榄苦苷）、木脂素（松柏和乙酰氧基松柏醇）、黄酮（木樨草素和芹菜素）、生育酚和三烯生育酚的丰富来源。膳食纤维是木质素、果胶物质、树胶、抗性淀粉、菊粉以及非碳水化合物成分（如多酚、蜡、皂苷、角质、植酸、抗性蛋白）的来源。DESs 对动物加工废物的利用意味着可以获得高附加值的化学品，包括氨基酸、蛋白质、生物活性肽、胶原蛋白肽、白蛋白等。通过对上述废物类型的利用，可以生产出具有潜在应用价值的制药、食品和化妆品行业的增值产品。本文收集了使用的 DESs、处理的物质和获得的产品、处理条件和产品收率的数据。对使用 DESs 和 NADESs 进行生物废物利用的最新进展进行了评估，得出了结论，并指出了该领域的未来前景和预测发展方向。
