Saini Ramesh Kumar, Khan Mohammad Imtiyaj, Kumar Vikas, Shang Xiaomin, Lee Ji-Ho, Ko Eun-Young
School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, India.
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, India.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 May 28;14(6):650. doi: 10.3390/antiox14060650.
Domestic food waste and agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs) occurring throughout the food chain, including production, processing, and storage, have become a global sustainability concern. Interestingly, this waste and these by-products contain a significant amount of commercially vital bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and carotenoids. Remarkably, discarded by-products such as fruit and vegetable peels contain more bioactive compounds than edible pulp. Thus, valorizing this waste and these by-products for commercially vital bioactive products can solve their disposal problems and help alleviate climate change crises. Additionally, it can generate surplus revenue, significantly improving food production and processing economics. Interestingly, several bioactive extracts derived from citrus peel, carrot pomace, olive leaf, and grape seed are commercially available, highlighting the importance of agro-food waste and by-product valorization. Considering this background information, this review aims to provide holistic information on major AIBPs; recovery methods of bioactive compounds focusing on polyphenols, carotenoids, oligosaccharides, and pectin; microencapsulation of isolated bioactive for enhanced physical, chemical, and biological properties; and their commercial application. In addition, green extraction methods are discussed, which have several advantages over conventional extraction. The concept of the circular bio-economy approach, challenges in waste valorization, and future perspective are also discussed.
在整个食物链（包括生产、加工和储存）中产生的家庭食物垃圾和农业工业副产品（AIBPs）已成为全球可持续发展关注的问题。有趣的是，这些垃圾和副产品含有大量具有重要商业价值的生物活性化合物，包括多酚和类胡萝卜素。值得注意的是，诸如果蔬皮等丢弃的副产品所含的生物活性化合物比可食用果肉更多。因此，将这些垃圾和副产品转化为具有重要商业价值的生物活性产品，既能解决其处置问题，又有助于缓解气候变化危机。此外，还能产生额外收入，显著改善食品生产和加工的经济效益。有趣的是，从柑橘皮、胡萝卜渣、橄榄叶和葡萄籽中提取的几种生物活性提取物已在市场上有售，这凸显了农业食品垃圾和副产品增值利用的重要性。考虑到这些背景信息，本综述旨在提供有关主要农业工业副产品的全面信息；重点介绍多酚、类胡萝卜素、低聚糖和果胶等生物活性化合物的回收方法；对分离出的生物活性物质进行微囊化以增强其物理、化学和生物学特性；以及它们的商业应用。此外，还讨论了绿色提取方法，其相对于传统提取方法具有若干优势。还讨论了循环生物经济方法的概念、垃圾增值利用面临的挑战以及未来展望。
