Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Jul 3;18(1):296. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3207-5.
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remains a disease of public health importance in Nigeria. Though, previous studies have identified factors associated with childhood ARI symptoms, the progress made in reducing the burden of this major childhood morbidity in the past decade in Nigeria has not been quantified. Therefore, this study describes the trends in the prevalence and factors associated with ARI symptoms among under-five (U5) children in Nigeria between years 2003 and 2013.
A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) for years 2003, 2008 and 2013 was done. The study sample included women of reproductive age who had U5 children presenting with a cough accompanied with short rapid breaths in the last 2 weeks prior data collection. Data were analysed using complementary log regression model.
Prevalence of ARI symptoms were 10.3, 4.6 and 3.8% for years 2003, 2008 and 2013 respectively. The use of unclean cooking fuel was not associated with ARI symptom in 2003 and 2008, but in 2013 (OR = 2.50, CI: 1.16-5.42). Living in houses built with poor quality materials was associated with higher risk of ARI symptoms in 2008 (OR = 1.34, CI: 1.11-1.61) and 2013 (OR = 1.59, CI: 1.32-1.93). Higher risk of ARI symptoms was also associated with younger child's age, Northern regions and household wealth quintile between 2003 and 2013.
Though there has been a significant progress in the reduction of the prevalence of ARI symptoms between 2003 and 2013, the same could not be said of household environmental risk factors. Interventions to reduce the contributory effects of these factors to the occurrence of ARI symptoms should be instituted by government and other relevant stakeholders.
急性呼吸道感染（ARI）在尼日利亚仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题。尽管之前的研究已经确定了与儿童 ARI 症状相关的因素，但在过去十年中，尼日利亚在降低这一主要儿童疾病负担方面所取得的进展尚未量化。因此，本研究描述了 2003 年至 2013 年间尼日利亚五岁以下儿童（U5）ARI 症状的流行趋势及其相关因素。
对 2003 年、2008 年和 2013 年尼日利亚人口与健康调查（NDHS）的全国代表性数据进行回顾性横断面分析。研究样本包括在数据收集前两周内有 U5 儿童出现咳嗽伴急促呼吸症状的育龄妇女。数据采用互补对数回归模型进行分析。
2003 年、2008 年和 2013 年 ARI 症状的患病率分别为 10.3%、4.6%和 3.8%。2003 年和 2008 年，使用不洁烹饪燃料与 ARI 症状无关，但 2013 年则有关（OR=2.50，95%CI：1.16-5.42）。2008 年（OR=1.34，95%CI：1.11-1.61）和 2013 年（OR=1.59，95%CI：1.32-1.93），居住在建筑材料质量差的房屋中与更高的 ARI 症状风险相关。2003 年至 2013 年，儿童年龄较小、北部地区和家庭财富五分位数较高与 ARI 症状风险增加有关。
尽管 2003 年至 2013 年期间 ARI 症状的患病率显著下降，但家庭环境风险因素却并非如此。政府和其他利益相关者应制定干预措施，减少这些因素对 ARI 症状发生的影响。
