尼日利亚东南部埃努古五岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染的风险因素
Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Under-five Children in Enugu Southeast Nigeria.
作者信息
Ujunwa Fa, Ezeonu Ct
机构信息
Consultant Paediatrician, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku /Ozalla, Nigeria.
Senior Lecturer/Consultant Paediatrician, College of Clinical Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
出版信息
Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 Jan;4(1):95-9. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.126610.
BACKGROUND
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) constitute the major causes of mortality and morbidity among under-five children of the developing world. The prevalence of ARIs is determined individually or collectively by a number of factors which may be prevalent in our environment.
AIM
The present study is aimed to determine the risk factors that affect the prevalence of ARIs in under-five children in Enugu.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study of 436 under-five children diagnosed with ARI was carried out in three hospitals in Enugu. Participants were consecutively enrolled after being diagnosed as a case of ARI. Structured pro foma was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric data and risk profile. Data were analyzed using Epi info version 6.0 and significant probability value was 5%.
RESULTS
A total of 436 patients were enrolled for the study 224 males and 212 females M: F 1.06:1. The mean age of the population was 18.75(13.38) months and there were 31.6%(138/436) cases of pneumonia 6.9%(30/436) cases of bronchiolitis and 61.5%(268/436) cases of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Children less than 20 months accounted for 60.9% (84/138 cases) of pneumonia, 86.7% (26/30 cases) of bronchiolitis, and 64.5% (173/268 cases) of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Pneumonia was noted in about 75.7% (56/74) of inadequately nourished children compared to 22.6% (82/362) in adequately nourished children. Other risk factors identified in the study include inadequate breast feeding, poor immunization statues, attendance to daycare centers, large family size, poor parental educational statues, parental smoking, living in the urban area and use of biofuels.
CONCLUSION
ARIs are affected by socio-demographic and socio-cultural risk factors, which can be modified with simple strategies. It is recommended that control program for ARIs should be multifaceted with a strong political will.
背景
急性呼吸道感染（ARIs）是发展中国家五岁以下儿童死亡和发病的主要原因。ARIs的患病率由许多可能在我们环境中普遍存在的因素单独或共同决定。
目的
本研究旨在确定影响埃努古五岁以下儿童ARIs患病率的风险因素。
对象与方法
在埃努古的三家医院对436名诊断为ARIs的五岁以下儿童进行了横断面研究。参与者在被诊断为ARI病例后连续入组。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口学特征、人体测量数据和风险概况。使用Epi info 6.0版进行数据分析，显著概率值为5%。
结果
本研究共纳入436例患者，其中男性224例，女性212例，男女比例为1.06:1。人群的平均年龄为18.75（13.38）个月，肺炎病例占31.6%（138/436），细支气管炎病例占6.9%（30/436），急性上呼吸道感染病例占61.5%（268/436）。20个月以下的儿童肺炎病例占60.9%（84/138例），细支气管炎病例占86.7%（26/30例），急性上呼吸道感染病例占64.5%（173/268例）。营养不良儿童中约75.7%（56/74）患肺炎，而营养充足儿童中这一比例为22.6%（82/362）。研究中确定的其他风险因素包括母乳喂养不足、免疫状况差、上日托中心、家庭规模大、父母教育程度低、父母吸烟、居住在城市地区以及使用生物燃料。
结论
ARIs受社会人口学和社会文化风险因素影响，可通过简单策略加以改变。建议ARI控制项目应具有多方面性且要有坚定的政治意愿。
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