Department of Clinical Psychology for Older People,The Hull Memory Clinic,Hull,UK.
Department of Psychological Health and Wellbeing,University of Hull,Hull,UK.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2018 Jun;30(6):791-805. doi: 10.1017/S1041610216002374.
ABSTRACTBackground:Psychosocial models suggest that the lived experience of dementia is affected by interpersonal factors such as the ways in which others view, talk about, and behave toward the person with dementia. This review aimed to illuminate how informal, everyday interpersonal relationships are experienced by people with dementia within their social contexts.
A systematic review of qualitative literature published between 1989 and May 2016 was conducted, utilizing the electronic databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and CINAHL-Complete. This was followed by a critical interpretative synthesis to understand how people with dementia perceive the attitudes, views, and reactions of other people toward them, and the subjective impact that these have.
Four major themes were derived from the findings of the 23 included studies: being treated as an "other" rather than "one of us"; being treated as "lesser" rather than a full, valued member of society; the impact of others' responses; and strategies to manage the responses of others. Thus, people with dementia can feel outcast and relegated, or indeed feel included and valued by others. These experiences impact upon emotional and psychological well-being, and are actively interpreted and managed by people with dementia.
Experiences such as loss and diminishing identity have previously been understood as a direct result of dementia, with little consideration of interpersonal influences. This review notes that people with dementia actively engage with others, whose responses can foster or undermine social well-being. This dynamic relational aspect may contribute to emerging understandings of social health in dementia.
摘要背景：社会心理模式表明，痴呆症患者的生活体验受到人际关系等因素的影响，例如他人对痴呆症患者的看法、谈论方式和行为方式。本综述旨在阐明痴呆症患者在其社会背景下如何体验非正式的日常人际关系。
对 1989 年至 2016 年 5 月期间发表的定性文献进行了系统综述，使用了电子数据库 PsycINFO、MEDLINE 和 CINAHL-Complete。随后进行了批判性解释性综合，以了解痴呆症患者如何感知他人对他们的态度、看法和反应，以及这些态度和看法对他们产生的主观影响。
从 23 项纳入研究的结果中得出了四个主要主题：被视为“他人”而不是“我们中的一员”；被视为“不如”而不是社会的完全、有价值的成员；他人反应的影响；以及管理他人反应的策略。因此，痴呆症患者可能会感到被排斥和降级，或者确实感到被他人包括和重视。这些经历会影响情感和心理健康，并被痴呆症患者积极解释和管理。
以前，诸如丧失和身份认同下降等经历被理解为痴呆症的直接结果，很少考虑人际关系的影响。本综述指出，痴呆症患者积极与他人互动，他人的反应可以促进或破坏社会福祉。这种动态的关系方面可能有助于对痴呆症社会健康的新理解。
