Amicone Laura, Marchetti Alessandra
Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 May 2;3:24. doi: 10.21037/tgh.2018.04.05. eCollection 2018.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is one of the most frequent human cancer and is characterized by a high mortality rate. The aggressiveness appears strictly related to the liver pathological background on which cancer develops. Inflammation and the consequent fibro/cirrhosis, derived from chronic injuries of several origins (viral, toxic and metabolic) and observable in almost all oncological patients, represents the most powerful risk factor for HCC and, at the same time, an important obstacle to the efficacy of systemic therapy. Multiple microenvironmental cues, indeed, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis, evolution and recurrence of HCC as well as in the resistance to standard therapies observed in most of patients. The identification of altered pathways in cancer cells and of microenvironmental changes, strictly connected in pathogenic feedback loop, may permit to plan new therapeutic approaches targeting tumor cells and their permissive microenvironment, simultaneously.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是人类最常见的癌症之一，其特点是死亡率高。肿瘤的侵袭性似乎与癌症发生的肝脏病理背景密切相关。炎症以及随之而来的纤维化/肝硬化，源于多种原因（病毒、毒素和代谢）引起的慢性损伤，几乎在所有肿瘤患者中都可观察到，是HCC最强大的危险因素，同时也是全身治疗疗效的重要障碍。事实上，多种微环境信号在HCC的发病机制、进展和复发以及大多数患者对标准治疗的耐药性中都起着关键作用。识别癌细胞中改变的信号通路以及微环境变化（在致病反馈回路中紧密相连），可能有助于同时规划针对肿瘤细胞及其适宜微环境的新治疗方法。
