School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, POB 39040, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, POB 39040, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Arch Sex Behav. 2018 Nov;47(8):2407-2426. doi: 10.1007/s10508-018-1239-y. Epub 2018 Jul 3.
The present study explored the relations between self-reported aspects of gender identity and sexual orientation in an online sample of 4756 cisgender English-speaking participants (1129 men) using the Multi-Gender Identity Questionnaire and a sexual orientation questionnaire. Participants also labeled their sexual orientation. We found a wide range of gender experiences in the sample, with 38% of the participants feeling also as the "other" gender, 39% wishing they were the "other" gender, and 35% wishing they had the body of the "other" sex. Variability in these measures was very weakly related to sexual orientation, and these relations were gender-specific, being mostly U shaped (or inverted-U shaped) in men and mostly linear asymptotic in women. Thus, in women, feeling-as-a-woman was highest in the exclusively heterosexual group, somewhat lower in the mostly heterosexual group, and lowest in the bisexual, mostly homosexual, and exclusively homosexual groups, which did not differ, and the reverse was true for feeling-as-a-man (i.e., lowest in the exclusively heterosexual group and highest in the bisexual, mostly homosexual, and exclusively homosexual groups). In men, feeling-as-a-man was highest at both ends of the sexual orientation continuum and lowest at its center, and the reverse was true for feeling-as-a-woman. Similar relations were evident also for the other aspects of gender identity. This study adds to a growing body of literature that questions dichotomous conventions within the science of gender and sexuality. Moreover, our results undermine the tight link assumed to exist between sexual and gender identities, and instead posit them as weakly correlated constructs.
本研究在一个由 4756 名顺性别英语参与者（1129 名男性）组成的在线样本中，使用多性别认同问卷和性取向问卷，探索了性别认同和性取向的自我报告方面之间的关系。参与者还对自己的性取向进行了标注。我们发现，在样本中存在广泛的性别体验，其中 38%的参与者感觉自己也是“另一种”性别，39%希望自己是“另一种”性别，35%希望自己拥有异性的身体。这些测量指标的变异性与性取向的相关性非常微弱，而且这些关系是性别特异性的，在男性中主要呈 U 形（或倒 U 形），在女性中主要呈渐近线性。因此，在女性中，作为女性的感觉在完全异性恋群体中最高，在主要异性恋群体中略低，在双性恋、主要同性恋和完全同性恋群体中最低，而在男性中则相反，作为男性的感觉在完全异性恋群体中最低，在双性恋、主要同性恋和完全同性恋群体中最高。在男性中，作为男性的感觉在性取向连续体的两端最高，在中间最低，而作为女性的感觉则相反。其他性别认同方面也存在类似的关系。这项研究增加了越来越多的文献，这些文献对性别和性科学中的二分法规范提出了质疑。此外，我们的结果破坏了性身份和性别身份之间假定存在的紧密联系，而是将它们作为弱相关的构念。
