Simpson Gail M, Fuller Grace, Lukas Kristen E, Kuhar Christopher W, Fitch-Snyder Helena, Taylor Jessica, Dennis Patricia M
Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, Ohio.
Zoo Biol. 2018 Jul 3. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21429.
Delineating patterns of morbidity can reveal management practices in need of reassessment to improve individual welfare, as well as population health and sustainability. We reviewed medical records from 38 North American zoological institutions for 276 slender lorises, slow lorises, and pottos born between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2010. This sample included animals identified as 116 Nycticebus pygmaeus, 84 N. coucang, 48 Loris tardigradus tardigradus, 6 L.t. nordicus (now classified as L. lydekkerianus nordicus), and 22 Perodicticus potto. Taxonomy for lorises and pottos is developing, and two of these populations (N. coucang and P. potto) likely included hybrids and/or multiple species. Our focus was to examine trends based on species and age. Across all species, whole body disease events, abnormalities of bloodwork, and dental diseases were the most common sources of morbidity. Other major sources of morbidity varied by species and included trauma, respiratory disease, and ocular disease. A recent upsurge in research has informed feeding practices for slow lorises living in human care, and a similar, evidence-based approach is needed to improve diets for other species. Given the prevalence of trauma in this sample, social needs and reproductive management practices are also important areas for further investigation. Species-level health trends reveal risk factors for individual welfare that can guide husbandry practices in zoos, as well as in sanctuaries caring for the influx of lorises and pottos rescued from the growing wildlife trade.
描绘发病模式可以揭示需要重新评估的管理做法，以改善个体健康、种群健康和可持续性。我们查阅了38家北美动物园机构的医疗记录，这些记录涉及1980年1月1日至2010年12月31日期间出生的276只懒猴、蜂猴和树熊猴。该样本包括被鉴定为116只倭蜂猴、84只马来蜂猴、48只蜂猴指名亚种、6只蜂猴北欧亚种（现分类为莱氏蜂猴北欧亚种）和22只粗尾婴猴的动物。懒猴和婴猴的分类正在发展，其中两个种群（马来蜂猴和粗尾婴猴）可能包括杂交种和/或多个物种。我们的重点是研究基于物种和年龄的趋势。在所有物种中，全身疾病事件、血液检查异常和牙科疾病是最常见的发病原因。其他主要发病原因因物种而异，包括创伤、呼吸道疾病和眼部疾病。最近的研究热潮为圈养懒猴的饲养方法提供了参考，对于改善其他物种的饮食也需要一种类似的基于证据的方法。鉴于该样本中创伤的普遍性，社会需求和繁殖管理做法也是需要进一步调查的重要领域。物种层面的健康趋势揭示了个体健康的风险因素，这些因素可以指导动物园以及救助从日益增长的野生动物贸易中救出的大量懒猴和婴猴的保护区的饲养管理。
