Catherine Moran, School of Psychology, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland, E-mail:
J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2018;5(3):175-183. doi: 10.14283/jpad.2018.11.
To investigate the impact of a six-month multi-ingredient nutrition supplement intervention (Smartfish®), containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D, resveratrol, and whey protein, on cognitive function in Irish older adults.
Double-blind, randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02001831). A quantitative, mixed-model design was employed in which the dependent variable (cognitive function) was analysed with a between-subjects factor of group (placebo, intervention) and within-subjects factor of testing occasion (baseline, three-months, six-months).
Community-based intervention including assessments conducted at University College Dublin, Ireland.
Thirty-seven community-dwelling older adults (68-83 years; mean (x̄)= 75.14 years; standard deviation (SD)= 3.64; 18 males) with normal cognitive function (>24 on the Mini Mental State Examination) were assigned to the placebo (n= 17) or intervention (n= 20) via a block randomisation procedure.
Daily consumption for six-months of a 200mL liquid juice intervention comprising 3000mg omega-3 PUFAs [1500mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 1500mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)], 10μg vitamin D3, 150mg resveratrol and 8g whey protein isolate. The placebo contained 200mL juice only.
A standardised cognitive assessment battery was conducted at baseline and follow-ups. Individual test scores were z-transformed to generate composite scores grouped into cognitive domains: executive function, memory, attention and sensorimotor speed. Motor imagery accuracy and subjective awareness of cognitive failures variables were computed from raw scores.
A hierarchical statistical approach was used to analyse the data; first, by examining overall cognitive function, then by domain, and then by individual test scores. Using mixed between-within subjects, analyses of variance (ANOVAs), no significant differences in overall cognitive function or composite cognitive domains were observed between groups over time. The only significant interaction was for Stroop Color-Word Time (p< 0.05). The intervention group demonstrated reduced task completion time at three- and six-month follow-ups, indicating enhanced performance.
The present nutrition intervention encompassed a multi-ingredient approach targeted towards improving cognitive function, but overall had only a limited beneficial impact in the older adult sample investigated. Future investigations should seek to establish any potential clinical applications of such targeted interventions with longer durations of supplementation, or in populations with defined cognitive deficits.
研究为期六个月的多成分营养补充剂干预（Smartfish®）对爱尔兰老年人认知功能的影响。该干预剂含有欧米伽-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）、维生素 D、白藜芦醇和乳清蛋白。
双盲、随机对照试验（ClinicalTrials.gov：NCT02001831）。采用定量混合模型设计，其中因变量（认知功能）的分析采用组间因素（安慰剂、干预）和受试者内因素（测试时间点：基线、三个月、六个月）。
包括爱尔兰都柏林大学评估在内的社区为基础的干预。
37 名认知正常的社区居住老年人（68-83 岁；平均值（x̄）=75.14 岁；标准差（SD）=3.64；18 名男性），认知功能正常（迷你精神状态检查>24 分），通过分组随机分配至安慰剂（n=17）或干预组（n=20）。
为期六个月，每天服用 200ml 液体果汁干预剂，含有 3000mg 欧米伽-3 PUFAs [1500mg 二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和 1500mg 二十碳五烯酸（EPA）]、10μg 维生素 D3、150mg 白藜芦醇和 8g 乳清蛋白分离物。安慰剂仅含有 200ml 果汁。
在基线和随访时进行标准化认知评估。个体测试分数转换为 z 分数，生成按认知域分组的综合分数：执行功能、记忆、注意力和感觉运动速度。运动意象准确性和认知失败主观意识变量由原始分数计算得出。
采用分层统计方法分析数据；首先，通过检查整体认知功能，然后是域，最后是个体测试分数。使用混合的组间和受试者内方差分析（ANOVAs），发现各组在整个研究过程中，在整体认知功能或复合认知域方面均无显著差异。唯一显著的交互作用是斯多普颜色-单词时间（p<0.05）。干预组在三个月和六个月的随访中完成任务的时间减少，表明表现提高。
本营养干预涵盖了多成分方法，旨在改善认知功能，但总体而言，对所研究的老年人群体只有有限的有益影响。未来的研究应寻求确定这种针对特定人群的干预措施的任何潜在临床应用，包括更长时间的补充期或认知功能缺陷的人群。
