Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology, The Islamic University, Gaza, Palestine.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Jul 4;190(8):449. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6830-0.
Pesticide residues threaten fish that live in rivers. This study investigated the effects of Nemacur, malathion, and diuron on freshwater fish behavior, mortality, acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) activity, liver biomarkers, and residue accumulation. Fish were exposed to individual concentration of Nemacur, malathion, and diuron at 1 mg/L and to binary mixtures in glass aquarium 16 L capacity. Mortality of fish was also investigated at a range of 0.0-1 mg/L of Nemacur and malathion. The biochemical effects of the tested compounds were recorded. The results showed abnormal fish behavior at low concentration (0.1 mg/L) of malathion, high fish mortality at 0.1 mg/L of Nemacur and mixtures with Nemacur, and no mortality with diuron. Mortality increased and became more intense after 48 h rather than after 24 h. Diuron increased the effect of Nemacur and malathion at low concentration. ACHE was inhibited at different percentages in the blood serum and brain homogenate due to exposure to Nemacur, malathion, diuron, and/or a combination of these pesticides. Liver biomarker levels were higher in the blood serum of the treated fish than the control group. The interesting outcome of the study is that Nemacur is several folds more toxic than malathion and diuron. Mixtures showed synergistic effects. The pesticide residues in the fish muscles were less than those in the water. It can be concluded that low concentrations of Nemacur, malathion, and diuron are negatively affecting fish in rivers.
农药残留威胁河流中的鱼类。本研究调查了敌百虫、马拉硫磷和敌草隆对淡水鱼类行为、死亡率、乙酰胆碱酯酶（ACHE）活性、肝生物标志物和残留积累的影响。鱼类在 1mg/L 的敌百虫、马拉硫磷和敌草隆单一浓度以及 16L 容量的玻璃水族箱中的二元混合物中暴露。还在 0.0-1mg/L 的敌百虫和马拉硫磷范围内调查了鱼类的死亡率。记录了测试化合物的生化效应。结果表明，低浓度（0.1mg/L）马拉硫磷会导致鱼类行为异常，高浓度（0.1mg/L）敌百虫和敌百虫混合物会导致鱼类高死亡率，而敌草隆则没有死亡率。与 24 小时相比，48 小时后死亡率增加且更为剧烈。敌草隆增加了低浓度下敌百虫和马拉硫磷的作用。由于接触敌百虫、马拉硫磷、敌草隆和/或这些农药的混合物，血清和脑匀浆中的 ACHE 被不同程度地抑制。与对照组相比，处理组鱼血液中的肝生物标志物水平更高。研究的有趣结果是，敌百虫的毒性比马拉硫磷和敌草隆高几倍。混合物显示出协同作用。鱼肌肉中的农药残留量低于水中的残留量。可以得出结论，低浓度的敌百虫、马拉硫磷和敌草隆正在对河流中的鱼类产生负面影响。
