Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
J Periodontal Res. 2018 Oct;53(5):894-901. doi: 10.1111/jre.12579. Epub 2018 Jul 4.
The specific pathogenesis of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) has not yet been clarified, and few studies have focused on the association between GAgP and metabolomics. To elucidate the roles of metabolic profiles in the status of GAgP, this study aimed to identify the differential metabolic profiles between patients with GAgP and healthy controls using an untargeted metabolomic profiling method.
Serum and gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from healthy controls (n = 20) and patients with GAgP (n = 20) in this cross-sectional study. The relative levels of biomarkers in the samples were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal components analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis were used for statistical analysis. Metabolites were analysed qualitatively using the FiehnLib and NIST databases. Full-mouth probing depth and clinical attachment loss were recorded as indexes of periodontal disease.
A total of 349 metabolites were qualitatively detected in the gingival crevicular fluid samples, and 200 metabolites were detected in the serum samples. Compared with healthy controls, patients with GAgP showed significant increases in serum urea and allo-inositol levels. In contrast, glutathione, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, adipic acid and 2-deoxyguanosine levels were decreased in patients with GAgP. In the gingival crevicular fluid samples, noradrenaline, uridine, α-tocopherol, dehydroascorbic acid, xanthine, galactose, glucose-1-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate levels were increased in patients with GAgP, while thymidine, glutathione and ribose-5-phosphate levels were decreased.
The metabolomics analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is an effective and minimally non-invasive way to differentiate the metabolites characteristic of patients with GAgP. Both serum and gingival crevicular fluid metabolomics are significantly different between patients with GAgP and healthy controls. These metabolic profiles have great potential in detecting GAgP and helping to understand its underlying mechanisms.
尚未阐明广泛性侵袭性牙周炎（GAgP）的具体发病机制，且少有研究关注 GAgP 与代谢组学的关联。为阐明代谢谱在 GAgP 状态中的作用，本研究采用非靶向代谢组学分析方法，旨在鉴定 GAgP 患者与健康对照者之间的差异代谢谱。
本横断面研究纳入了 20 名健康对照者（n=20）和 20 名 GAgP 患者（n=20）的血清和龈沟液样本。采用气相色谱-质谱法测定样本中生物标志物的相对水平。采用主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析进行统计学分析。使用 FiehnLib 和 NIST 数据库对代谢物进行定性分析。全口探诊深度和临床附着丧失被记录为牙周病的指标。
共定性检测到龈沟液样本中的 349 种代谢物，血清样本中的 200 种代谢物。与健康对照者相比，GAgP 患者的血清尿素和 allo-肌醇水平显著升高。相比之下，GAgP 患者的谷胱甘肽、2,5-二羟基苯甲醛、己二酸和 2-脱氧鸟苷水平降低。在龈沟液样本中，去甲肾上腺素、尿嘧啶、α-生育酚、脱氢抗坏血酸、黄嘌呤、半乳糖、葡萄糖-1-磷酸和核酮糖-5-磷酸水平在 GAgP 患者中升高，而胸苷、谷胱甘肽和核糖-5-磷酸水平降低。
气相色谱-质谱代谢组学分析是一种有效且微创的方法，可区分 GAgP 患者的特征代谢物。GAgP 患者的血清和龈沟液代谢组学均与健康对照者存在显著差异。这些代谢谱在检测 GAgP 及帮助理解其潜在机制方面具有巨大潜力。
