Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2018 Oct;27(5):1326-1343. doi: 10.1111/inm.12518. Epub 2018 Jul 5.
Central to the role of mental health clinicians is the assessment of needs. A number of assessment tools have been used to evaluate the needs of individuals diagnosed with a mental illness. These tools have largely been developed for people with a severe and persistent mental illness and may not be suitable for individuals who are recovering from a first episode of mental illness. The aims of this review were therefore to identify the needs experienced by individuals recovering from a first episode of mental illness; determine what tools have been used to evaluate these needs; and explore whether existing tools adequately reflect the needs described in the literature. Twenty-one articles were included, comprising articles which identified needs (n = 10), needs assessment tools (n = 1), or articles which identified both needs and a needs assessment tool (n = 10). Results indicate that individuals who have been admitted to a specialized mental health unit and are recovering from a first episode of mental illness may experience an extensive range of needs, spanning emotional, psychological, social, informational, functional, practical, and relationship needs. Four established needs assessment tools were found to have been used to evaluate these needs; however, these do not appear to represent all needs discovered in this review, were mostly developed for populations with a long-term mental illness, and may not be suitable for assessing the needs of individuals recovering from a first episode of mental illness following a presentation to a specialized mental health unit.
心理健康临床医生的核心职责是评估需求。许多评估工具已被用于评估被诊断患有精神疾病的个体的需求。这些工具主要是为患有严重和持久精神疾病的人开发的，可能不适合从首次精神疾病发作中康复的个体。因此，本次综述的目的是确定从首次精神疾病发作中康复的个体所经历的需求；确定用于评估这些需求的工具；并探讨现有工具是否充分反映文献中描述的需求。共纳入 21 篇文章，包括确定需求的文章（n=10）、需求评估工具的文章（n=1）或同时确定需求和需求评估工具的文章（n=10）。结果表明，从专门的精神卫生机构出院并从首次精神疾病发作中康复的个体可能会经历广泛的需求，包括情感、心理、社会、信息、功能、实际和关系需求。发现有四种已确立的需求评估工具被用于评估这些需求；然而，这些工具似乎并不能代表本综述中发现的所有需求，它们大多是为长期患有精神疾病的人群开发的，并且可能不适合评估专门的精神卫生机构出院后首次发作的个体的需求。
