New South Wales Forest Science, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries-Forestry, Parramatta, New South Wales 2150, Australia; email:
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2018 Aug 25;56:457-478. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035256. Epub 2018 Jul 5.
Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) is a globally invasive neotropical rust of the Myrtaceae that came into international prominence following extensive damage to exotic Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil in the 1970s and 1980s. In 2005, myrtle rust established in Hawaii (USA), and over the past 12 years has spread from the Americas into Asia, the Pacific, and South Africa. Myrtle rust was detected in Australia in 2010, and the response and ultimately unsuccessful eradication attempt was a lesson to those concerned about the threat of exotic pests and diseases to Australia's environment. Seven years following establishment, we are already observing the decline of many myrtaceous species and severe impacts to native plant communities. However, the recently developed Myrtle rust in Australia draft action plan identified that there is no nationally coordinated response strategy for the environmental dimensions of this threat. Recent reviews have identified a greater need for involvement from environmental agencies in biosecurity preparedness, response, and resourcing, and we believe this approach needs to extend to the management of invasive environmental pathogens once they establish.
澳榆叶锈菌（桃金娘锈菌）是一种具有全球侵袭性的新热带地区榆叶锈菌，1970 年代和 1980 年代，该病菌在巴西大量侵害外来种植的桉树，从而引起国际关注。2005 年，桃金娘锈菌在夏威夷（美国）定殖，在过去 12 年中，它已从美洲传播到亚洲、太平洋和南非。2010 年在澳大利亚发现了桃金娘锈菌，应对并最终未能根除该病菌的尝试，给那些关注外来病虫害对澳大利亚环境构成威胁的人上了一课。病菌定殖七年后，我们已经观察到许多桃金娘科物种的减少和对本地植物群落的严重影响。然而，最近制定的《澳大利亚桃金娘锈菌防治计划草案》指出，针对该威胁的环境层面，并没有全国性的协调应对策略。最近的审查表明，在生物安全准备、应对和资源方面，需要更多地让环境机构参与，我们认为，一旦入侵性环境病原体定殖，就需要采取这种方法来进行管理。
