Heitzeg Mary M, Hardee Jillian E, Beltz Adriene M
Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI 48109, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor MI 48109, United States.
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018 Oct;23:21-26. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.01.020. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
Adolescence is a period associated with the initiation and escalation of substance use and is also a time during which substantial changes take place in neural development, personality and behavior. Although rates of substance use between adolescent girls and boys do not differ substantially, there is evidence for sex differences in underlying vulnerability pathways associated with the development of substance use disorder. Here we review sex differences in adolescent brain development and how these differences may contribute to different risk pathways between females and males that emerge during this developmental period. We also discuss methodological considerations in the study of sex differences in brain and behavior and their implications for interpretation. We close by highlighting promising areas for future work.
青春期是与物质使用的开始和升级相关的时期，也是神经发育、个性和行为发生重大变化的时期。虽然青春期女孩和男孩的物质使用率没有显著差异，但有证据表明，在与物质使用障碍发展相关的潜在易感性途径方面存在性别差异。在此，我们综述青春期大脑发育中的性别差异，以及这些差异如何可能导致在这一发育阶段出现的女性和男性之间不同的风险途径。我们还讨论了大脑和行为性别差异研究中的方法学考量及其对解释的影响。最后，我们强调了未来工作的有前景的领域。
