Deperasińska Izabela, Schulz Patrycja, Siwicki Andrzej K
Department of Fish Pathology and Immunology, Inland Fisheries Institute, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
J Vet Res. 2018 Mar 30;62(1):1-6. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0001. eCollection 2018 Mar.
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), genus , family , is a single-stranded RNA virus affecting Atlantic salmon () and rainbow trout (). It is known to be responsible for pancreas disease (PD) and sleeping disease (SD) which are increasing problems, causing high fish mortality and economic losses in the European aquaculture industry. Pancreas disease was first described in Atlantic salmon in Scotland in 1976 and a similar disease caused by the closely related sleeping disease virus was first described in rainbow trout in France. There have also been reports of salmonid alphavirus infections from other European countries, including Ireland, England, Norway, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Salmonid alphaviruses have been classified into six subtypes (SAV1-6). SAV1 and SAV4-6 cause pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon in Ireland or Scotland, SAV2 is the causative agent of sleeping disease in rainbow trout, and SAV3 has been detected in Atlantic salmon in Norway. The aim of this paper was to summarise current knowledge of infections caused by salmonid alphavirus and diagnostic methods including the newest techniques, and to briefly describe prevention from SAV infections by vaccination.
鲑鱼α病毒（SAV），属 ，科 ，是一种单链RNA病毒，可感染大西洋鲑（ ）和虹鳟（ ）。已知它会引发胰腺疾病（PD）和昏睡病（SD），这些问题日益严重，在欧洲水产养殖业中导致了高鱼类死亡率和经济损失。胰腺疾病于1976年在苏格兰的大西洋鲑中首次被描述，由密切相关的昏睡病病毒引起的类似疾病于首次在法国的虹鳟中被描述。其他欧洲国家也有鲑鱼α病毒感染的报告，包括爱尔兰、英国、挪威、德国、意大利和西班牙。鲑鱼α病毒已被分为六个亚型（SAV1 - 6）。SAV1和SAV4 - 6在爱尔兰或苏格兰的大西洋鲑中引发胰腺疾病，SAV2是虹鳟中昏睡病的病原体，SAV3在挪威的大西洋鲑中被检测到。本文的目的是总结目前关于鲑鱼α病毒感染的知识以及包括最新技术在内的诊断方法，并简要描述通过疫苗接种预防SAV感染的方法。
