Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Goodman Hall 355W. 16th St., Suite 4800, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Section Phenomenological Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Department, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. Voss-Str.4, D-69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
Psychiatry Res. 2018 Sep;267:528-534. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.049. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
Metacognition refers to the activities which allow for the availability of a sense of oneself and others in the moment. Research mostly in North America with English-speaking samples has suggested that metacognitive deficits are present in schizophrenia and are closely tied to negative symptoms. Thus, replication is needed in other cultures and groups. The present study accordingly sought to replicate these findings in a Spanish speaking sample from Chile. Metacognition and symptoms were assessed among 26 patients with schizophrenia, 26 with bipolar disorder and 36 community members without serious mental illness. ANCOVA controlling for age and education revealed that the schizophrenia group had greater levels of metacognitive deficits than the bipolar disorder and community control groups. Differences in metacognition between the clinical groups persisted after controlling for symptom levels. Spearman correlations revealed a unique pattern of associations of metacognition with negative and cognitive symptoms. Results largely support previous findings and provide added evidence of the metacognitive deficits present in schizophrenia and the link to outcome cross culturally. Implications for developing metacognitively oriented interventions are discussed.
元认知是指在当下对自身和他人的意识活动。主要来自北美的以英语为母语的样本研究表明，精神分裂症患者存在元认知缺陷，且与阴性症状密切相关。因此，需要在其他文化和群体中进行复制。本研究因此旨在智利的西班牙语样本中复制这些发现。在 26 名精神分裂症患者、26 名双相情感障碍患者和 36 名无严重精神疾病的社区成员中评估了元认知和症状。控制年龄和教育的协方差分析显示，精神分裂症组的元认知缺陷水平高于双相情感障碍组和社区对照组。在控制症状水平后，临床组之间的元认知差异仍然存在。Spearman 相关性揭示了元认知与阴性和认知症状之间独特的关联模式。结果在很大程度上支持了先前的发现，并提供了跨文化精神分裂症中存在元认知缺陷以及与结果关联的额外证据。讨论了开发以元认知为导向的干预措施的意义。
