Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, 08100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Jul 6;18(1):210. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2270-1.
Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau. has traditionally been using in South East Asia countries to manage cancer. However, scientific evidence is generally lacking to support this traditional claim. This study aims to investigate the in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo effects of C. nutans extracts on angiogenesis.
C. nutans leaves was extracted with 50-100% ethanol or deionised water at 1% (w/v). Human umbilical veins endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation was examined using MTT assay. The in vitro anti-angiogenic effects of C. nutans were assessed using wound scratch, tube formation and transwell migration assays. The VEGF levels secreted by human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-4) cell and HUVEC permeability were also measured. Besides, the rat aortic ring and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays, representing ex vivo and in vivo models, respectively, were performed.
The MTT assay revealed that water extract of C. nutans leaves exhibited the highest activity, compared to the ethanol extracts. Therefore, the water extract was chosen for subsequent experiments. C. nutans leaf extract significantly suppressed endothelial cell proliferation and migration in both absence and presence of VEGF. However, the water extract failed to suppress HUVEC transmigration, differentiation and permeability. C. nutans water extract also did not suppress HSC-4 cell-induced VEGF production. Importantly, C. nutans water extract significantly abolished the sprouting of vessels in aortic rings as well as in chick embryo CAM.
In conclusion, these findings reveal potential anti-angiogenic effects of C. nutans, providing new evidence for its potential application as an anti-angiogenic agent.
Clinacanthus nutans（Burm. f.）Lindau. 在东南亚国家传统上被用于治疗癌症。然而，一般缺乏科学证据来支持这一传统说法。本研究旨在探讨 C. nutans 提取物在体外、离体和体内对血管生成的影响。
用 50-100%乙醇或去离子水以 1%（w/v）浓度从 Clinacanthus nutans 叶片中提取。用 MTT 测定法检测人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）增殖。采用划痕实验、管形成实验和 Transwell 迁移实验评估 C. nutans 的体外抗血管生成作用。还测量了人口腔鳞状细胞癌（HSC-4）细胞和 HUVEC 通透性分泌的 VEGF 水平。此外，还进行了大鼠主动脉环和鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜（CAM）实验，分别代表离体和体内模型。
MTT 测定表明，与乙醇提取物相比，C. nutans 叶片的水提取物表现出最高的活性。因此，选择水提取物进行后续实验。C. nutans 叶提取物显著抑制了内皮细胞在无 VEGF 和有 VEGF 存在的情况下的增殖和迁移。然而，水提取物未能抑制 HUVEC 的迁移、分化和通透性。C. nutans 水提取物也未能抑制 HSC-4 细胞诱导的 VEGF 产生。重要的是，C. nutans 水提取物显著抑制了主动脉环和鸡胚 CAM 中血管的发芽。
综上所述，这些发现揭示了 C. nutans 的潜在抗血管生成作用，为其作为抗血管生成剂的潜在应用提供了新的证据。
