Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018 Sep;134:22-35. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.003. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
The structural flexibility and small size of aptamers enable precise recognition of cellular elements for imaging and therapeutic applications. The process by which aptamers are taken into cells depends on their targets but is typically clathrin-mediated endocytosis or macropinocytosis. After internalization, most aptamers are transported to endosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and occasionally mitochondria and autophagosomes. Intracellular aptamers, or "intramers," have versatile functions ranging from intracellular RNA imaging, gene regulation, and therapeutics to allosteric modulation, which we discuss in this review. Immune responses to therapeutic aptamers and the effects of G-quadruplex structure on aptamer function are also discussed.
适体的结构灵活性和体积小，使其能够精确识别细胞成分，可用于成像和治疗应用。适体进入细胞的过程取决于其靶标，但通常是网格蛋白介导的内吞作用或巨胞饮作用。内化后，大多数适体被转运到内体、溶酶体、内质网、高尔基体，偶尔也会转运到线粒体和自噬体。细胞内适体，或“内适体”，具有多种功能，包括细胞内 RNA 成像、基因调控和治疗以及变构调节等，我们将在本综述中进行讨论。我们还讨论了治疗适体的免疫反应和 G-四链体结构对适体功能的影响。
Zotero 插件
