Zhu Min, Wang Shan
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University No. 932 South Lushan Rd Changsha Hunan 410083 P. R. China.
Small Sci. 2021 Feb 9;1(3):2000056. doi: 10.1002/smsc.202000056. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) have drawn widespread attention in the construction of functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications due to their inherent biological functions and sequence programmability, as well as high thermal stability and easy chemical modification. FNA-decorated spherical nanoparticles (FSNPs) are composed of a metal/metal-free spherical core and a radially oriented FNA shell. Attracted by their unique capabilities, such as resistance to nuclease degradation and capability of crossing the blood-brain barrier, FSNPs as smart nanomaterials for cancer therapy are reviewed. The preparation strategies of FSNPs are first summarized, and the applications of responsive linkers in stimuli-responsive drug release are introduced. The FSNPs are categorized into aptamer-, i-motif-, DNAzyme-, antisense oligonucleotide-, and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-decorated SNPs. Their applications in cancer therapy include tumor-targeting drug delivery and controllable releasing of drugs, overcoming physiological or pathological obstacles such as blood-brain barrier and interstitial transport barriers, as well as a reversal of resistance to chemotherapy and antitumor immune response activation. The remaining challenges and future directions of FSNPs are also discussed and proposed.
功能性核酸（FNAs）因其固有的生物学功能、序列可编程性、高热稳定性和易于化学修饰，在用于生物医学应用的功能性纳米材料构建中受到广泛关注。FNA修饰的球形纳米颗粒（FSNPs）由金属/无金属球形核和径向取向的FNA壳组成。受其独特能力（如抗核酸酶降解和穿越血脑屏障的能力）的吸引，本文综述了FSNPs作为癌症治疗智能纳米材料的研究进展。首先总结了FSNPs的制备策略，并介绍了响应性连接子在刺激响应性药物释放中的应用。FSNPs可分为适配体、i-基序、脱氧核酶、反义寡核苷酸和CpG寡脱氧核苷酸修饰的SNP。它们在癌症治疗中的应用包括肿瘤靶向给药和药物的可控释放、克服血脑屏障和间质运输屏障等生理或病理障碍，以及逆转化疗耐药性和激活抗肿瘤免疫反应。还讨论并提出了FSNPs目前面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。
