Bayani Alireza, Abosaoda Munthar Kadhim, Rizaev Jasur, Nazari Mobina, Jafari Zahra, Soleimani Samarkhazan Hamed
Division of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
Clin Exp Med. 2025 May 30;25(1):186. doi: 10.1007/s10238-025-01724-w.
Aptamers, which are intricate synthetic molecules composed of single-stranded DNA and RNA, have recently emerged as groundbreaking instruments in the complex and multifaceted realms of diagnosing and treating diverse and challenging cancers, particularly leukemia, a type of blood cancer characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. These innovative chemical antibodies, celebrated for their remarkable cost-effectiveness, unparalleled sensitivity, and exceptional precision, provide a promising beacon of hope in the arena of oncology, a field that continuously seeks novel approaches to combat various malignancies. Aptamers are fundamentally transforming the landscape of personalized medicine by adeptly and specifically targeting aberrantly expressed biomarkers, effectively modulating critical signaling pathways, and significantly enhancing the efficacy of drug delivery systems, thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes for patients. This comprehensive review meticulously highlights the recent advancements in aptamer-based technologies, showcasing their immense potential to refine prognostic models, enhance interventions guided by the presence of minimal residual disease, and broaden the therapeutic options available for patients suffering from high-risk or relapsed forms of leukemia. Nevertheless, in conjunction with their promising applications, this study also delves into an exploration of the myriad of challenges and obstacles that may impede the realization of their full clinical potential in the healthcare setting.
适体是由单链DNA和RNA组成的复杂合成分子，最近在诊断和治疗各种具有挑战性的癌症，特别是白血病（一种以异常白细胞过度产生为特征的血癌）的复杂多面领域中，已成为开创性的工具。这些创新的化学抗体以其显著的成本效益、无与伦比的灵敏度和卓越的精准度而闻名，在肿瘤学领域提供了一个充满希望的灯塔，该领域一直在不断寻求对抗各种恶性肿瘤的新方法。适体通过巧妙且特异性地靶向异常表达的生物标志物、有效调节关键信号通路以及显著提高药物递送系统的功效，从根本上改变了个性化医疗的格局，从而为患者优化治疗效果。这篇全面的综述精心突出了基于适体的技术的最新进展，展示了它们在完善预后模型、加强由微小残留病的存在所指导的干预措施以及扩大可用于患有高危或复发形式白血病患者的治疗选择方面的巨大潜力。然而，结合其有前景的应用，本研究还深入探讨了可能阻碍它们在医疗环境中充分实现其全部临床潜力的众多挑战和障碍。
