Center for Education Development and Research in Health Professions, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Center for Quality Improvement in Veterinary Education, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2019 May;15(5):514-520. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.06.017. Epub 2018 Jun 26.
Within the last decade and given the context of ever-growing complexity in pharmaceutical care the new profession of Pharmacy Technicians (PT) was added to the pharmacy team. Until now, pharmaceutical organizations worldwide are searching for the best way to educate and employ future PTs.
This empirical study set out to gain insight into the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to perform as a PTs. A further aim was to develop a PT competency framework on the basis of experiences and opinions of stakeholders from the Dutch pharmaceutical field.
A multi-method qualitative research design was used to develop a competency framework between 2015 and 2017. Data were collected using focus group interviews. Iterative thematic analysis led to an initial framework, which was refined using a modified Delphi-method. A competency domain was considered relevant if a minimum of 70% consensus was reached.
Both PTs (n = 27) and pharmacists (n = 12) participated in the focus groups. The Delphi-panel consisted of PTs (n = 8), pharmacists (n = 12) and representatives of other stakeholders like patient organizations, health policy makers and all levels of pharmacy education (n = 14). The developed competency framework comprises 6 domains: Communication in patient care, Interdisciplinary collaboration, Pharmaceutical expertise, Organization of care practice, Collaborative leadership and Personal development. A detailed description about the practical implications of each domain was added to the framework.
The PT competency framework provides a solid foundation for both PT training and curriculum development and is based on several rounds of scientific research. The proposed competency framework may help understand the PT role and how to best prepare for practice within pharmaceutical care.
在过去十年中，鉴于药物治疗的复杂性不断增加，新的药学技术人员（PT）职业被加入到药剂团队中。直到现在，全球的药物组织都在寻找最佳的方式来教育和雇用未来的 PT。
本实证研究旨在深入了解担任 PT 所需的知识、技能和态度。另一个目的是在荷兰药物领域利益相关者的经验和意见的基础上，制定一个 PT 能力框架。
在 2015 年至 2017 年期间，采用多方法定性研究设计来开发能力框架。使用焦点小组访谈收集数据。迭代主题分析导致了一个初步的框架，然后使用修改后的 Delphi 方法对其进行了细化。如果达到最低 70%的共识，则认为一个能力领域是相关的。
PT（n=27）和药剂师（n=12）都参加了焦点小组。德尔福小组由 PT（n=8）、药剂师（n=12）和其他利益相关者的代表组成，如患者组织、卫生政策制定者以及各级药学教育（n=14）。制定的能力框架包括 6 个领域：患者护理中的沟通、跨学科合作、药物专业知识、护理实践的组织、协作领导和个人发展。框架中添加了每个领域的实际影响的详细描述。
PT 能力框架为 PT 培训和课程开发提供了坚实的基础，并且基于多轮科学研究。拟议的能力框架可以帮助理解 PT 的角色以及如何为药物治疗中的实践做好最佳准备。
