Supriya Prabhavathi, Sridhar Kandikere R
Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India.
Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric. 2019;10(1):57-61. doi: 10.2174/2212798410666180709144200.
Recent patents reveal that vegetable ingredients have several applications in novel food formulations. Many so-called antinutritional components (e.g. tannins, saponins, lectins and protease inhibitors) have nutraceutical as well as pharmaceutical significance. Seeds of two wild legumes of the genus Canavalia inhabitants of the coastal sand dunes of Southwest India are known for a variety of bioactive principles (e.g. phenolics, tannins, canavanine, concanavalin and phytohemagglutinins).
This study evaluates the impact of Electron Beam (EB) irradiation on the bioactive components of seeds of two coastal sand dune wild legumes Canavalia cathartica and C. maritima.
The dry seeds of C. cathartica and C. maritima were EB irradiated with different doses (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 kGy) to follow changes in six bioactive principles (total phenolics, orthodihydric phenols, tannins, canavanine, trypsin inhibitors and phytohemagglutinins) in comparison to control seeds. One-way ANOVA was employed to follow the variation in bioactive components of seeds in control and different doses of irradiation.
Seeds of both legumes were devoid of orthodihydric phenols and trypsin inhibitors. In C. cathartica, the total phenolics showed significant dose-dependent increase up to 5 kGy and decreased thereafter. Tannin content was not altered up to 10 kGy followed by significant decrease at 15 kGy. There was no significant change in canavanine content and the phytohemagglutinin activity against human erythrocytes was not altered. Seeds of C. maritima did not show significant changes in total phenolics as well as tannin contents. The content of canavanine showed significant dose-dependent increase up to 5 kGy followed by significant decrease. There was no variation in phytohemagglutinin activity against erythrocytes A, B and O, while against AB, the activity decreased at 2.5 kGy and further decrease was constant at higher doses.
The EB irradiation doses employed have selectively altered the bioactive principles of Canavalia seeds and such treatments may facilitate to maneuver desired medicinal, nutritional, functional and cooking properties. Besides selective changes in bioactive components the seeds have extended shelf life.
近期的专利显示，蔬菜成分在新型食品配方中有多种应用。许多所谓的抗营养成分（如单宁、皂苷、凝集素和蛋白酶抑制剂）具有营养保健和药用价值。印度西南部沿海沙丘的两种野生刀豆属豆科植物的种子，以多种生物活性成分（如酚类、单宁、刀豆氨酸、伴刀豆球蛋白和植物血凝素）而闻名。
本研究评估电子束（EB）辐照对两种沿海沙丘野生豆科植物——泻叶刀豆和滨海刀豆种子生物活性成分的影响。
将泻叶刀豆和滨海刀豆的干种子用不同剂量（2.5、5、10和15千戈瑞）的电子束辐照，以观察与对照种子相比，六种生物活性成分（总酚、邻二羟基酚、单宁、刀豆氨酸、胰蛋白酶抑制剂和植物血凝素）的变化。采用单因素方差分析来跟踪对照种子和不同辐照剂量下种子生物活性成分的变化。
两种豆科植物的种子均不含邻二羟基酚和胰蛋白酶抑制剂。在泻叶刀豆中，总酚在5千戈瑞时呈显著的剂量依赖性增加，此后下降。单宁含量在10千戈瑞之前没有变化，在15千戈瑞时显著下降。刀豆氨酸含量没有显著变化，对人红细胞的植物血凝素活性也没有改变。滨海刀豆的种子在总酚和单宁含量上没有显著变化。刀豆氨酸含量在5千戈瑞时呈显著的剂量依赖性增加，此后显著下降。对红细胞A、B和O的植物血凝素活性没有变化，而对AB型红细胞，在2.5千戈瑞时活性下降，在更高剂量下进一步下降且保持稳定。
所采用的电子束辐照剂量已选择性地改变了刀豆种子的生物活性成分，这种处理可能有助于调控所需的药用、营养、功能和烹饪特性。除了生物活性成分的选择性变化外，种子的保质期也延长了。
