Reed Phil, Smale Demelza, Owens Dimitra, Freegard Gary
Department of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn. 2018 Jul;44(3):309-321. doi: 10.1037/xan0000172.
Four experiments explored the factors controlling human responding on random interval (RI) schedules of reinforcement. All experiments identified 2 types of responding: "bout-initiation" and "within-bout" responding. Responding on RI schedules was related to the interval value rates, being higher on an RI-30s than on an RI-60s or RI-120s schedule, which impacted bout-initiation responding to the greater degree (Experiments 1 and 3). Experiment 2 found similar overall response rates on random ratio (RR) and random interval with a linear feedback loop (RI+) schedules, with both higher than on an RI schedule. Bout-initiation rates were similar across all schedules, but within-bout responding differed. Experiments 3 and 4 examined the impact of a response cost and noted greater bout-initiation responding but not greater within-bout rates with low costs. Overall, these experiments suggest that bout-initiation responding may be subject to control by factors that increase the strength of conditioning to the context, whereas within-bout responding is less sensitive to these influences. (PsycINFO Database Record
四项实验探究了控制人类在随机间隔（RI）强化程序上做出反应的因素。所有实验都识别出了两种反应类型：“发作起始”和“发作期间”反应。在RI程序上的反应与间隔值比率相关，在RI-30秒程序上的反应高于RI-60秒或RI-120秒程序，且对发作起始反应的影响程度更大（实验1和实验3）。实验2发现，在随机比率（RR）和带有线性反馈回路的随机间隔（RI+）程序上的总体反应率相似，且两者都高于RI程序。所有程序的发作起始率相似，但发作期间的反应有所不同。实验3和实验4考察了反应代价的影响，发现代价较低时，发作起始反应更多，但发作期间的反应率并未更高。总体而言，这些实验表明，发作起始反应可能受增强情境条件作用强度的因素控制，而发作期间的反应对这些影响不太敏感。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
