Beta-adrenergic receptor structure, synthesis, antibodies and human disease.

Lung beta 2-adrenergic receptors have been isolated using a covalent affinity label and monoclonal and autoantibodies with specificity toward the receptor. The beta 2-receptor monomer has a molecular mass of 58-64,000 daltons. Target size analysis indicates that the beta 2-receptor exists as a dimer in lung membranes. The half life of the beta 2-receptor on cultured lung cells is on the order of 20-30 h. Glucocorticoids induce the synthesis of beta 2-receptors, resulting in a doubling of the membrane concentration of receptors in 24 h. Autoantibodies to beta 2-adrenergic receptors may play a role in beta 2-receptor associated human diseases including asthma. Autoantibodies to beta 2-receptors in humans are associated with decreased sensitivity of beta 2-receptor functions and increased responsiveness of alpha-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors.