From Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (S.B., D.H.L.); University Hospital, (I.S.) Newark; and Teen Safe Driving Coalition of New Jersey (A.A.), New Jersey.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018 Oct;85(4):704-710. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002018.
Graduated drivers license (GDLs) are required in most states. Graduated drivers licenses are intermediate licenses requiring a supervisory period prior to full licensure. Surveys suggests poor acceptance of GDL restrictions high variability in GDL compliance. New Jersey initiated GDLs in 2002 and introduced a comprehensive public health campaign in 2010. This study analyzed the effect of GDL and the campaign on teen driver-related fatalities and hypothesized that implementation alone was insufficient to decrease deaths.
Data were analyzed from 1998 to 2016 from New Jersey's Fatal Accident Investigation Unit. In 2005, collaboration with state police added total crash fatalities and teen passenger deaths to the data set. Patterns in data before and after GDL implementation in 2002 and a comprehensive campaign in 2010 were evaluated to determine effects in New Jersey. Paired t tests, analysis of variance, and regression analyses were performed, with p value less than 0.05 considered significant.
Little effect was seen after initiation of GDL, with no change in number of dead teen drivers (44 vs. 49, p > 0.05) or fatal accidents (117 vs.115, p > 0.05) in the 4 years before and after implementation. However, after the comprehensive campaign, decreases are seen in dead teenaged drivers (42 vs. 22, p < 0.005) and total fatal accidents involving teens (107 vs. 61, p < 0.005). Comparing 4 years before and 6 years after the campaign demonstrates decreases in total crash fatalities involving teen drivers (112 vs. 66, p < 0.05) and in the number of dead teenaged passengers in a vehicle operated by another teen (19 vs. 11 p < 0.05).
Implementation of GDLs alone may not be an effective strategy in decreasing the number of teen fatalities. A multipronged approach combining comprehensive, public-health based campaign with targeted enforcement is necessary to decrease the number of teen driver-related deaths. Additional studies are needed to assess the relationship between decreased death and compliance with GDLs.
Retrospective comparative study, level III.
大多数州都要求有驾驶员执照分级制 (GDL)。驾驶员执照分级制是一种中级驾照，在完全许可之前需要有监督期。调查显示，人们对 GDL 限制的接受程度较差，GDL 的遵守情况也存在很大差异。新泽西州于 2002 年启动了 GDL，并于 2010 年发起了一项全面的公共卫生运动。本研究分析了 GDL 和运动对青少年驾驶员相关死亡的影响，并假设仅实施 GDL 不足以降低死亡人数。
从新泽西州 Fatal Accident Investigation Unit 1998 年至 2016 年的数据进行了分析。2005 年，与州警察的合作将总碰撞致死人数和青少年乘客死亡人数添加到数据集。评估 2002 年 GDL 实施前后和 2010 年全面运动前后的数据模式，以确定新泽西州的影响。进行了配对 t 检验、方差分析和回归分析，p 值小于 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
在 GDL 启动后，效果甚微，实施前后 4 年内，青少年驾驶员死亡人数（44 人比 49 人，p>0.05）或致命事故数（117 人比 115 人，p>0.05）均无变化。然而，在全面运动之后，青少年驾驶员死亡人数（42 人比 22 人，p<0.005）和涉及青少年的总致命事故数（107 人比 61 人，p<0.005）均有所下降。与运动前 4 年和运动后 6 年相比，涉及青少年的总碰撞致死人数（112 人比 66 人，p<0.05）和另一青少年驾驶车辆中青少年乘客死亡人数（19 人比 11 人，p<0.05）均有所下降。
仅实施 GDL 可能不是减少青少年死亡人数的有效策略。需要采取多管齐下的方法，结合全面的基于公共卫生的运动和有针对性的执法，以减少青少年驾驶员相关死亡人数。需要进一步研究以评估死亡率下降与 GDL 遵守之间的关系。
回顾性比较研究，III 级。
