Environment & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 87373, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa.
The Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Services, 25 Hospital St, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jul 6;15(7):1427. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15071427.
Lead exposure has been associated with psycho-neurological disorders. Elevated blood lead levels have been found in shooters. This study assesses the association between the blood lead levels of shooters and their levels of aggression. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Gauteng, South Africa. Participants were recruited from four randomly selected shooting ranges with three randomly selected archery ranges used as a comparison group. A total of 118 (87 shooters and 31 archers) participants were included in the analysis. Aggressiveness was measured using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Shooters had significantly higher blood lead levels (BLL) compared to archers with 79.8% of shooters versus 22.6% of archers found to have a BLL ≥ 5 μg/dL ( < 0.001). Aggression scores were significantly higher in shooters ( < 0.05) except for verbal aggression. In the bivariate and regression analyses, shooters with BLLs ≥ 10 μg/dL were significantly associated with the hostility sub-scale ( = 0.03, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.103⁻7.261). Shooters have a significantly higher BLL and aggressiveness compared to archers. However, elevated blood lead levels were significantly associated with hostility only. Interventions need to be put in place to prevent continued exposure and routine screening of populations at risk should be implemented.
铅暴露与精神神经障碍有关。研究发现，枪击者的血液铅水平升高。本研究评估了枪击者的血液铅水平与其攻击性之间的关系。在南非豪登省进行了一项分析性横断面研究。参与者是从四个随机选择的射击场招募的，其中三个随机选择的射箭场作为对照组。共有 118 名（87 名射手和 31 名弓箭手）参与者纳入分析。使用 Buss-Perry 攻击性问卷测量攻击性。与弓箭手相比，射手的血液铅水平（BLL）明显更高，79.8%的射手 BLL 高于 5μg/dL，而 22.6%的弓箭手 BLL 高于 5μg/dL（<0.001）。除了言语攻击外，射手的攻击性评分明显更高（<0.05）。在单变量和回归分析中，BLL 高于 10μg/dL 的射手与敌意亚量表显著相关（=0.03，调整后的优势比（OR）2.83，95%置信区间（CI）1.103-7.261）。与弓箭手相比，射手的 BLL 和攻击性明显更高。然而，只有高血铅水平与敌意显著相关。需要采取干预措施来防止持续暴露，应针对高危人群实施常规筛查。
