Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
Cardiology and Preventive Medicine Sections, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
Clin Sci (Lond). 2018 Jul 9;132(13):1367-1382. doi: 10.1042/CS20171156. Print 2018 Jul 16.
As the elderly segment of the world population increases, it is critical to understand the changes in cardiac structure and function during the normal aging process. In this review, we outline the key molecular pathways and cellular processes that underlie the phenotypic changes in the heart and vasculature that accompany aging. Reduced autophagy, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, telomere attrition, altered signaling in insulin-like growth factor, growth differentiation factor 11, and 5'- AMP-activated protein kinase pathways are among the key molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac aging. Aging promotes structural and functional changes in the atria, ventricles, valves, myocardium, pericardium, the cardiac conduction system, and the vasculature. We highlight the factors known to accelerate and attenuate the intrinsic aging of the heart and vessels in addition to potential preventive and therapeutic avenues. A greater understanding of the processes involved in cardiac aging may facilitate our ability to mitigate the escalating burden of CVD in older individuals and promote healthy cardiac aging.
随着世界人口老龄化的加剧，了解心脏在正常衰老过程中的结构和功能变化至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们概述了心脏和血管伴随衰老出现的表型变化背后的关键分子途径和细胞过程。自噬减少、线粒体氧化应激增加、端粒磨损、胰岛素样生长因子、生长分化因子 11 和 5'-AMP 激活蛋白激酶途径信号改变等是心脏衰老的关键分子机制。衰老促进心房、心室、瓣膜、心肌、心包、心脏传导系统和血管的结构和功能变化。我们强调了已知加速和减缓心脏和血管内在衰老的因素，以及潜在的预防和治疗途径。对心脏衰老过程的深入了解可能有助于我们减轻老年人 CVD 的负担，并促进健康的心脏衰老。
