Palma Ernesto, Pasqua Antonella, Gagliardi Agnese, Britti Domenico, Fresta Massimo, Cosco Donato
Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale S. Venuta, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Materials (Basel). 2018 Jul 9;11(7):1167. doi: 10.3390/ma11071167.
In recent decades, nanotechnology has made phenomenal strides in the pharmaceutical field, favouring the improvement of the biopharmaceutical properties of many active compounds. Many liposome-based formulations containing antitumor, antioxidant and antifungal compounds are presently on the market and are used daily (for example Doxil/Caelyx and Ambisome). Polymeric nanoparticles have also been used to entrap many active compounds with the aim of improving their pharmacological activity, bioavailability and plasmatic half-life while decreasing their side effects. The modulation of the structural/morphological properties of nanoparticles allows us to influence various technological parameters, such as the loading capacity and/or the release profile of the encapsulated drug(s). Amongst the biocompatible polymers, poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA), poly(D,L-glycolide) (PLG) and their co-polymers poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) are the most frequently employed due to their approval by the FDA for human use. The aim of this review is to provide a description of the foremost recent investigations based on the encapsulation of amphotericin B in PLGA nanoparticles, in order to furnish an overview of the technological properties of novel colloidal formulations useful in the treatment of Leishmaniasis. The pharmacological efficacy of the drug after nanoencapsulation will be compared to the commercial formulations of the drug (i.e., Fungizone, Ambisome, Amphocil and Abelcet).
近几十年来，纳米技术在制药领域取得了显著进展，有助于改善许多活性化合物的生物制药特性。目前市场上有许多基于脂质体的制剂，其中含有抗肿瘤、抗氧化和抗真菌化合物，并且每天都在使用（例如多柔比星脂质体/凯莱英和安必素）。聚合物纳米颗粒也被用于包裹许多活性化合物，目的是提高它们的药理活性、生物利用度和血浆半衰期，同时减少它们的副作用。对纳米颗粒结构/形态特性的调控使我们能够影响各种技术参数，如包封药物的载药量和/或释放曲线。在生物相容性聚合物中，聚（D，L-丙交酯）（PLA）、聚（D，L-乙交酯）（PLG）及其共聚物聚（丙交酯-乙交酯）（PLGA）由于已获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准可用于人类而被最频繁地使用。本综述的目的是描述基于两性霉素B包裹于PLGA纳米颗粒的最新主要研究，以便概述可用于治疗利什曼病的新型胶体制剂的技术特性。将纳米包封后药物的药理疗效与该药物的商业制剂（即两性霉素B注射剂、安必素、安福隆和两性霉素B脂质体）进行比较。
