Molecular identification of two species, and as type B, in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, .

Thus far, two types of parasites ( and type B) have been morphologically identified in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, . Although high prevalences were reported for these parasites, genetic analyses have not been conducted. We first clarified the phylogenetic positions of two eimerian isolates using genetic analyses of and gene regions. Consequently, of 61 samples examined, 21 and 11 samples were positive for and type B, respectively. Additionally, the infection rate increased in the summer. Molecular analyses revealed both isolates formed their own clusters; was included in clades of chicken and type B was include in clades of turkey . Based on our findings in this study and previous data, we herein propose type B as . These genetic data will be helpful to conduct detailed classification and understand the impact of these parasites for conservation of endangered Japanese rock ptarmigans.