Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
J Vet Med Sci. 2024 May 25;86(5):563-574. doi: 10.1292/jvms.23-0525. Epub 2024 Apr 1.
Globally, animals and humans suffer from diarrheal illnesses due to protozoan parasites such as Giardia and Eimeria species. The molecular epidemiology of these parasites in Japan is summarized in this review. In humans, researchers found only one main species of Giardia, which is most referred to as G. lamblia, but it's also known by different names like G. duodenalis or G. intestinalis. However, within this species, six assemblages (A, B, C, D, E, and F) were found in animals, and assemblage B was frequently recorded in human and monkey populations, whereas assemblages A and E were predominant in calves. Assemblage A was found in sika deer and assemblages A, C, D, and F were predominant in dogs, cats, and ferret. Eimeria bovis, E. zuernii, and other species found in animals made up the group of species known as Eimeria spp., with E. bovis and E. zuernii being the most common in cattle. Our review highlighted a notable lack of data investigations regarding these two pathogens in water and environmental sources. Giardia cysts were found in the few studies that have been done on water sources, suggesting that water may play a significant role in the transmission of Giardia species. Our review suggests that further research is necessary to fully comprehend the molecular diversity and dynamics of transmission of Giardia spp. and Eimeria spp. in humans, animals, and environmental sources in Japan.
在全球范围内，动物和人类因原生动物寄生虫（如贾第虫属和艾美耳属物种）而患有腹泻病。本文综述了日本这些寄生虫的分子流行病学。在人类中，研究人员仅发现一种主要的贾第虫物种，最常被称为 G. lamblia，但它也有不同的名称，如 G. duodenalis 或 G. intestinalis。然而，在该物种内，在动物中发现了六个集合体（A、B、C、D、E 和 F），在人类和猴子群体中经常记录到集合体 B，而集合体 A 和 E 在小牛中更为常见。集合体 A 存在于梅花鹿中，集合体 A、C、D 和 F 在狗、猫和雪貂中占优势。Eimeria bovis、E. zuernii 和其他在动物中发现的物种构成了 Eimeria spp. 组，其中 E. bovis 和 E. zuernii 在牛中最为常见。我们的综述强调了关于这两种病原体在水和环境源中的数据调查明显缺乏。在对水源进行的少数研究中发现了贾第虫包囊，表明水可能在贾第虫属物种的传播中起重要作用。我们的综述表明，有必要进一步研究，以充分了解日本人类、动物和环境源中贾第虫属和艾美耳属物种的分子多样性和传播动态。
