a Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, 2-004 Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
b Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2018 Dec;43(12):1215-1223. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0141. Epub 2018 Jul 10.
Aging is characterized by physiological and morphological changes that affect body composition, strength, and function, ultimately leading to sarcopenia. This condition results in physical disability, falls, fractures, poor quality of life, and increased health care costs. Evidence suggests that increased consumption of dietary protein and physical activity levels, especially resistance exercise, can counteract the trajectory of sarcopenia. Canadian guidelines for protein intake and physical activity were last updated in 2005 and 2011, respectively, and new evidence on sarcopenia diagnosis, prevention, and treatment is rapidly evolving. Protein recommendations are set as "one-size-fits-all" for both young and older adults. Recent evidence demonstrates that current recommendations are insufficient to meet the minimum protein requirement to counteract muscle loss and to stimulate hypertrophy in healthy older adults. Beyond quantity, protein quality is also essential to benefit muscle anabolism in older adults. In terms of physical activity, resistance exercise training is a potential strategy to counteract age-related effects, as it can elicit muscle hypertrophic response in addition to increases in muscle strength and function in older adults. Canadian physical activity guidelines lack details on how this modality of training should be performed. Current guidelines for protein intake and physical activity do not reflect recent knowledge on sarcopenia prevention. The gap between guidelines and the latest evidence on the maintenance and promotion of older adult's health highlight the need for updated protein and physical activity recommendations.
衰老是指影响身体成分、力量和功能的生理和形态变化，最终导致肌肉减少症。这种情况会导致身体残疾、跌倒、骨折、生活质量下降和医疗保健费用增加。有证据表明，增加膳食蛋白质的摄入量和进行身体活动，特别是抗阻运动，可以改变肌肉减少症的发展轨迹。加拿大的蛋白质摄入量和身体活动指南分别于 2005 年和 2011 年更新，关于肌肉减少症的诊断、预防和治疗的新证据也在迅速发展。蛋白质的摄入量建议是“一刀切”的，适用于年轻人和老年人。最近的证据表明，目前的建议不足以满足健康老年人对抗肌肉损失和刺激肌肉肥大的最低蛋白质需求。除了数量，蛋白质的质量对老年人的肌肉合成也很重要。就身体活动而言，抗阻运动训练是一种对抗与年龄相关影响的潜在策略，因为它可以在增加老年人肌肉力量和功能的同时引起肌肉肥大反应。加拿大的身体活动指南缺乏关于如何进行这种训练模式的详细信息。目前的蛋白质摄入量和身体活动指南没有反映出关于肌肉减少症预防的最新知识。指南与关于维持和促进老年人健康的最新证据之间的差距突出表明需要更新蛋白质和身体活动建议。
