Mahler N A, Chenery H J
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Speech Pathology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, South Port, QLD, 4222, Australia.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2019 Feb;48(1):81-105. doi: 10.1007/s10936-018-9591-6.
The current investigation examined the developmental changes involved in processing semantic context in auditorily presented sentences, as well as underlying attentional and suppression mechanisms. Thirty-nine typically developing school-aged children aged 6;0-14;0 years participated in the current cross-sectional sentential auditory word repetition study. Component processes involved in auditory word recognition were examined and their respective developmental trajectories systematically delineated. Experimental manipulations included semantic congruity (congruous, incongruous), sentence constraint (high, low), cloze probability (high, low), and processing mode. High sentence constraints elicited top-down pre-potency type effects, which resulted in active suppression of anticipated cloze words and longer naming latencies of perceived cloze words when violated with conflicting bottom-up information. In addition, developmental changes in component processes reflected underlying changes in attention, with evidence that suppression mechanisms remained relatively constant with age. Findings are interpreted in line with the Trace (McClelland and Elman in Cogn Psychol 18(1):1-86, 1986) model of auditory word recognition.
当前的研究考察了在听觉呈现句子中处理语义语境所涉及的发展变化，以及潜在的注意力和抑制机制。39名年龄在6岁0个月至14岁0个月的发育正常的学龄儿童参与了当前的横断面句子听觉单词重复研究。对听觉单词识别中涉及的组成过程进行了检查，并系统地描绘了它们各自的发展轨迹。实验操作包括语义一致性（一致、不一致）、句子约束（高、低）、完形概率（高、低）和处理模式。高句子约束引发自上而下的优先效应，当与冲突的自下而上信息相违背时，会导致对预期完形单词的主动抑制以及所感知完形单词的命名潜伏期延长。此外，组成过程的发展变化反映了注意力的潜在变化，有证据表明抑制机制随年龄保持相对稳定。研究结果根据听觉单词识别的Trace模型（McClelland和Elman，《认知心理学》18(1):1 - 86，1986）进行解释。
