Dadfar Mahboubeh, Kalibatseva Zornitsa, Lester David
School of Health, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health - Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, International Campus, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Psychology Program, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, USA.
Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2018;40(2):144-151. doi: 10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0116.
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a brief screening and diagnostic tool for depression. It has been used in research and clinical practice in primary care and other clinical and non-clinical settings. The PHQ-9 has not had its validity examined in psychiatric and psychological settings in Iran.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the validation of the Farsi version of the PHQ-9. A convenience sample of 130 Iranian volunteer psychiatric outpatients was selected from psychiatric and psychological clinics. They completed the PHQ-9, the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), the World Health Organization-five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and the short form of the Beck Depression Inventory-13 (BDI-13). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach's α, Pearson correlation coefficient, principal component analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis.
Mean score of the PHQ-9 was 12.83 (standard deviation = 6.25), indicating moderately severe depression in the sample. Cronbach's α coefficient for PHQ-9 was 0.88, and one-week test-retest reliability 0.79. The PHQ-9 correlated 0.64 with PHQ-15, -0.35 with WHO-5, and 0.70 with BDI-13, indicating good construct and criterion-related validity. The results of the factor analysis of PHQ-9 items identified and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a single factor labeled general depression.
The PHQ-9 appears to have a unidimensional structure, adequate validity and reliability, and can be useful in epidemiological/research settings. Based on previous literature and on the present findings, the PHQ-9 may have applicability to other contexts in the studied population, but this needs to be confirmed by other studies.
患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）是一种用于抑郁症的简短筛查和诊断工具。它已在初级保健以及其他临床和非临床环境的研究和临床实践中使用。PHQ-9在伊朗的精神病学和心理学环境中尚未进行有效性检验。
进行了一项横断面研究，以调查波斯语版PHQ-9的有效性。从精神病学和心理学诊所选取了130名伊朗志愿精神科门诊患者作为便利样本。他们完成了PHQ-9、患者健康问卷-15（PHQ-15）、世界卫生组织五福安康指数（WHO-5）以及贝克抑郁量表-13简版（BDI-13）。通过描述性统计、克朗巴赫α系数、皮尔逊相关系数、主成分分析、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析对数据进行分析。
PHQ-9的平均得分为12.83（标准差=6.25），表明样本中存在中度严重抑郁。PHQ-9的克朗巴赫α系数为0.88，一周重测信度为0.79。PHQ-9与PHQ-15的相关性为0.64，与WHO-5的相关性为-0.35，与BDI-13的相关性为0.70，表明具有良好的结构效度和效标关联效度。PHQ-9项目的因素分析结果和验证性因素分析证实了一个单一因素，标记为一般性抑郁。
PHQ-9似乎具有单维结构、足够的效度和信度，并且在流行病学/研究环境中可能有用。基于先前的文献和当前的研究结果，PHQ-9可能适用于所研究人群中的其他情况，但这需要其他研究予以证实。
