L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitzy 60, Podolsk, Moscow, Russia, 142132.
Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Genet Sel Evol. 2018 Jul 11;50(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s12711-018-0408-8.
The origin of native and locally developed Russian cattle breeds is linked to the historical, social, cultural, and climatic features of the diverse geographical regions of Russia. In the present study, we investigated the population structure of nine Russian cattle breeds and their relations to the cattle breeds from around the world to elucidate their origin. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Bestuzhev (n = 26), Russian Black-and-White (n = 21), Kalmyk (n = 14), Kholmogor (n = 25), Kostromsky (n = 20), Red Gorbatov (n = 23), Suksun (n = 20), Yakut (n = 25), and Yaroslavl cattle breeds (n = 21) was done using the Bovine SNP50 BeadChip. SNP profiles from an additional 70 breeds were included in the analysis as references.
The observed heterozygosity levels were quite similar in eight of the nine studied breeds (H = 0.337-0.363) except for Yakut (Ho = 0.279). The inbreeding coefficients F ranged from -0.028 for Kalmyk to 0.036 for Russian Black-and-White and were comparable to those of the European breeds. The nine studied Russian breeds exhibited taurine ancestry along the C1 axis of the multidimensional scaling (MDS)-plot, but Yakut was clearly separated from the European taurine breeds on the C2 axis. Neighbor-Net and admixture analyses, discriminated three groups among the studied Russian breeds. Yakut and Kalmyk were assigned to a separate group because of their Turano-Mongolian origin. Russian Black-and-White, Kostromsky and Suksun showed transboundary European ancestry, which originated from the Holstein, Brown Swiss, and Danish Red breeds, respectively. The lowest level of introgression of transboundary breeds was recorded for the Kholmogor, Yaroslavl, Red Gorbatov and Bestuzhev breeds, which can be considered as an authentic genetic resource.
Whole-genome SNP analysis revealed that Russian native and locally developed breeds have conserved authentic genetic patterns in spite of the considerable influence of Eurasian taurine cattle. In this paper, we provide fundamental genomic information that will contribute to the development of more accurate breed conservation programs and genetic improvement strategies.
俄罗斯本地牛品种的起源与俄罗斯不同地区的历史、社会、文化和气候特征有关。本研究调查了 9 个俄罗斯牛品种的群体结构，并与世界各地的牛品种进行了比较，以阐明其起源。对 Bestuzhev（n=26）、Russian Black-and-White（n=21）、Kalmyk（n=14）、Kholmogor（n=25）、Kostromsky（n=20）、Red Gorbatov（n=23）、Suksun（n=20）、Yakut（n=25）和 Yaroslavl 牛品种的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行基因分型使用 Bovine SNP50 BeadChip。分析中还包括了另外 70 个品种的 SNP 图谱作为参考。
在所研究的 9 个品种中，有 8 个品种的观察杂合度水平相当（H=0.337-0.363），除了 Yakut（Ho=0.279）。近交系数 F 范围从 Kalmyk 的-0.028 到 Russian Black-and-White 的 0.036，与欧洲品种相当。在所研究的 9 个俄罗斯品种中，它们沿着多维尺度（MDS）图谱的 C1 轴表现出 Taurine 血统，但 Yakut 明显与欧洲 Taurine 品种在 C2 轴上分离。邻接网络和混合分析将研究中的 9 个俄罗斯品种分为三组。由于 Yakut 和 Kalmyk 的起源于图兰-蒙古，因此它们被分配到一个单独的组中。Russian Black-and-White、Kostromsky 和 Suksun 表现出跨界欧洲血统，分别源自荷斯坦、棕色瑞士和丹麦红牛品种。Kholmogor、Yaroslavl、Red Gorbatov 和 Bestuzhev 品种的跨界品种的基因渗入水平最低，可被视为纯正的遗传资源。
全基因组 SNP 分析表明，尽管欧亚 Taurine 牛的影响相当大，但俄罗斯本地和本地开发的品种仍保持着纯正的遗传模式。本文提供了基本的基因组信息，将有助于制定更准确的品种保护计划和遗传改良策略。
