Singh Garima, Grande Francesco Dal, Schnitzler Jan, Pfenninger Markus, Schmitt Imke
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Germany.
MycoKeys. 2018 Jul 2(36):1-19. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.36.22548. eCollection 2018.
: Environment and geographic processes affect species' distributions as well as evolutionary processes, such as clade diversification. Estimating the time of origin and diversification of organisms helps us understand how climate fluctuations in the past might have influenced the diversification and present distribution of species. Complementing divergence dating with character evolution could indicate how key innovations have facilitated the diversification of species. : We estimated the divergence times within the newly recognised subfamily Protoparmelioideae (Ascomycota) using a multilocus dataset to assess the temporal context of diversification events. We reconstructed ancestral habitats and substrate using a species tree generated in *Beast. : We found that the diversification in Protoparmelioideae occurred during the Miocene and that the diversification events in the tropical clade predate those of the extratropical . Character reconstructions suggest that the ancestor of Protoparmelioideae was most probably a rock-dwelling lichen inhabiting temperate environments. : Major diversification within the subtropical/tropical genus occurred between the Paleocene and Miocene whereas the diversifications within the montane, arctic/temperate genus occurred much more recently, i.e. in the Miocene.
环境和地理过程会影响物种分布以及进化过程，例如分支多样化。估计生物的起源和多样化时间有助于我们了解过去的气候波动可能如何影响物种的多样化和当前分布。将分歧时间估计与性状进化相结合可以表明关键创新如何促进了物种的多样化。
我们使用多基因座数据集估计了新认可的原盘衣亚科（子囊菌门）内的分歧时间，以评估多样化事件的时间背景。我们使用在BEAST中生成的物种树重建了祖先栖息地和基质。
我们发现原盘衣亚科的多样化发生在中新世，热带分支的多样化事件早于温带分支。性状重建表明，原盘衣亚科的祖先很可能是一种栖息在温带环境中的石生地衣。
亚热带/热带属内的主要多样化发生在古新世和中新世之间，而山地、北极/温带属内的多样化发生得更近，即在中新世。
