Science. 2018 Jul 13;361(6398):147-151. doi: 10.1126/science.aat2890.
A high-energy neutrino event detected by IceCube on 22 September 2017 was coincident in direction and time with a gamma-ray flare from the blazar TXS 0506+056. Prompted by this association, we investigated 9.5 years of IceCube neutrino observations to search for excess emission at the position of the blazar. We found an excess of high-energy neutrino events, with respect to atmospheric backgrounds, at that position between September 2014 and March 2015. Allowing for time-variable flux, this constitutes 3.5σ evidence for neutrino emission from the direction of TXS 0506+056, independent of and prior to the 2017 flaring episode. This suggests that blazars are identifiable sources of the high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux.
2017 年 9 月 22 日，IceCube 探测到一个高能中微子事件，该事件在方向和时间上与耀变体 TXS 0506+056 的伽马射线耀斑相一致。受此关联的启发，我们调查了 IceCube 中微子观测的 9.5 年数据，以搜索耀斑位置的过量发射。我们发现，在 2014 年 9 月至 2015 年 3 月期间，相对于大气背景，该位置存在高能中微子事件的过量。考虑到通量随时间的变化，这构成了来自 TXS 0506+056 方向的中微子发射的 3.5σ 证据，与 2017 年爆发事件无关，也先于该事件。这表明耀变体是高能天体物理中微子流量的可识别源。
