Dudek-Wicher Ruth K, Junka Adam, Bartoszewicz Marzenna
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
Prz Gastroenterol. 2018;13(2):85-92. doi: 10.5114/pg.2018.76005. Epub 2018 May 25.
The gut microbiota acts as a real organ. It exerts important metabolic functions, and regulates the inflammatory response by stimulating the immune system. Gut microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) has been linked to important human diseases and inflammation-related disorders. The symbiotic interactions between resident microorganisms and the gastrointestinal tract significantly contribute to maintaining gut homeostasis. The present review summarizes our knowledge regarding the impact of different antibiotics causing such long-term consequences as decreased microbial diversity, modulation of the ratio, , and increased expansion of the opportunistic pathogens , Escherichia spp., and Klebsiella spp. Also, food additives, such as emulsifiers and artificial sweeteners, which are meant to reduce the risk of obesity and diabetes, may actually increase the risk of diseases due to microbial alterations. On the other hand, dietary components such as polyphenols, omega-3 acids or curcumin may positively affect gut microbiota composition.
肠道微生物群起着真正器官的作用。它发挥着重要的代谢功能，并通过刺激免疫系统来调节炎症反应。肠道微生物失衡（生态失调）与重要的人类疾病和炎症相关疾病有关。常驻微生物与胃肠道之间的共生相互作用对维持肠道内稳态有显著贡献。本综述总结了我们关于不同抗生素造成长期后果的相关知识，这些后果包括微生物多样性降低、比例的调节、以及机会性病原体如大肠杆菌属和克雷伯菌属的扩张增加。此外，旨在降低肥胖和糖尿病风险的食品添加剂，如乳化剂和人工甜味剂，实际上可能因微生物改变而增加疾病风险。另一方面，多酚、ω-3脂肪酸或姜黄素等膳食成分可能对肠道微生物群组成产生积极影响。
