Laboratory of Plant Science and Ecology, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Sep;25(27):26874-26886. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2729-0. Epub 2018 Jul 13.
The present report is a general assessment of the level of nutrient and toxic heavy metals as an impact of "chemicalized" cultivation practices for decades in banana fields in the three south Indian states, Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamilnadu. The major objective was to critically analyze the status of metallic content in green revolution fields, where chemical fertilizers or plant protective chemicals remain the major source of heavy metal contaminants. Since soil series being a soil taxonomic category that includes slightly variant soils of similar origin and common parent materials, the 286 field samples of the broad south Indian region were further grouped into composite samples representing 47 different soil series for limiting the sample analysis. The quantitative assessment of ten metals done in these soils using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer included Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Co. The amount of Cu observed in many fields was higher than all the previous reports of the same in the "chemicalized" fields. Similarly, the amount of Co observed in 25 fields was above its threshold levels expected for normal soils. The amount of Pb observed in all the soils appeared quite normal. The amount of Ni observed in 14 soil series was higher than its threshold levels for normal soils, except in 4 soil series, where its amount exceeded the upper limit of contamination. Cr was detected in all the samples, but found higher than its threshold level in 31 soil series. Significant positive correlations were observed between the amounts of different metals in the study. PCA results indicated that variables were correlated to four principal components, and 74.36% of the total variance was justified.
本报告是对印度南部三个邦（喀拉拉邦、卡纳塔克邦和泰米尔纳德邦）香蕉种植场数十年来“化学化”种植实践对营养物质和有毒重金属水平影响的综合评估。主要目的是批判性地分析绿色革命领域的金属含量状况，在这些领域，化肥或植物保护化学品仍然是重金属污染物的主要来源。由于土壤系列是一个土壤分类类别，包括起源相似和共同母质的略有不同的土壤，因此将印度南部广阔地区的 286 个田间样本进一步分为代表 47 种不同土壤系列的综合样本，以限制样本分析。使用原子吸收分光光度计对这些土壤中的十种金属进行定量评估，包括 Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Fe、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr 和 Co。在许多田间观察到的 Cu 量高于之前在“化学化”田间中观察到的相同元素的所有报告。同样，在 25 个田间观察到的 Co 量高于预期正常土壤的阈值水平。所有土壤中观察到的 Pb 量似乎相当正常。在 14 个土壤系列中观察到的 Ni 量高于正常土壤的阈值水平，但在 4 个土壤系列中，其量超过了污染的上限。在所有样本中都检测到了 Cr，但在 31 个土壤系列中发现其含量超过了阈值水平。研究中观察到不同金属之间存在显著的正相关关系。PCA 结果表明，变量与四个主要成分相关，总方差的 74.36%得到了证明。
