Centre for Radio-Ecology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India,
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2014 Mar;157(3):256-65. doi: 10.1007/s12011-014-9892-z. Epub 2014 Jan 25.
The present study was undertaken to assess the non-carcinogenic human health risk of heavy metals through the ingestion of locally grown and commonly used vegetables viz. Raphanus sativus (root vegetable), Daucus carota (root vegetable), Benincasa hispida (fruit vegetable) and Brassica campestris leaves (leafy vegetable) in a semi-urbanized area of Haryana state, India. Heavy metal quantification of soil and vegetable samples was done using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Lead, cadmium and nickel concentration in vegetable samples varied in range of 0.12-6.54 mg kg(-1), 0.02-0.67 mg kg(-1) and <0.05-0.41 mg kg(-1), respectively. Cadmium and lead concentration in some vegetable samples exceeded maximum permissible limit given by World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization and Indian standards. Much higher concentrations of Pb (40-190.5 mg kg(-1)), Cd (0.56-9.85 mg kg(-1)) and Ni (3.21-45.87 mg kg(-1)) were reported in corresponding vegetable fields' soils. Correlation analysis revealed the formation of three primary clusters, i.e. Cu-Cd, Cd-Pb and Ni-Zn in vegetable fields' soils further supported by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Bioconcentration factor revealed that heavy metals' uptake was more by leafy vegetable than root and fruit vegetables. Hazard index of all the vegetables was less than unity; thus, the ingestion of these vegetables is unlikely to pose health risks to the target population.
本研究旨在评估半城市化的印度哈里亚纳邦地区人们通过食用当地种植和常用蔬菜(萝卜、胡萝卜、冬瓜和白菜)摄入重金属的非致癌性健康风险。采用火焰原子吸收分光光度计对土壤和蔬菜样本中的重金属进行了定量分析。蔬菜样本中铅、镉和镍的浓度范围分别为 0.12-6.54mg/kg、0.02-0.67mg/kg 和 <0.05-0.41mg/kg。一些蔬菜样本中的镉和铅浓度超过了世界卫生组织/粮农组织和印度标准规定的最大允许限量。相应蔬菜田土壤中的 Pb(40-190.5mg/kg)、Cd(0.56-9.85mg/kg)和 Ni(3.21-45.87mg/kg)浓度要高得多。相关性分析显示,蔬菜田土壤中形成了三个主要聚类,即 Cu-Cd、Cd-Pb 和 Ni-Zn,聚类分析和主成分分析也支持这一结果。生物浓缩系数表明,重金属的吸收量在叶菜类中比根菜类和果菜类更多。所有蔬菜的危害指数均小于 1;因此,食用这些蔬菜不太可能对目标人群构成健康风险。