Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
Clin Transl Oncol. 2019 Feb;21(2):145-151. doi: 10.1007/s12094-018-1914-4. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the development of molecular markers, especially circulating biomarkers, remains largely undone for the prognosis of GIST. We discussed the clinical-pathological characteristics of GIST and identified potential biomarkers for guidance of therapy and prognosis of GIST. Around 90% of GISTs contain mutations in KIT or PDGFRA and the remaining 10% of GISTs are wild-type. Recent studies have indicated that various DNAs and miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for prognosis of GIST, including KIT, PDGFRA, other DNAs (such as BRAF, SDH, SETD2 and ROR2), and microRNAs (miRNAs). The pressing need and challenges in the development of circulating prognostic biomarkers for GIST are also discussed. Although challenges remain, DNAs and miRNAs are promising circulating biomarkers for surveillance and prognosis of GIST. Advances in clarification of aberrant molecular alterations may open new avenues for exploration of reliable and robust biomarkers to improve the management of GIST.
胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）是胃肠道最常见的间叶性肿瘤。然而，分子标志物的发展，特别是循环生物标志物，在很大程度上仍未用于 GIST 的预后。我们讨论了 GIST 的临床病理特征，并确定了潜在的生物标志物，以指导 GIST 的治疗和预后。大约 90%的 GIST 含有 KIT 或 PDGFRA 的突变，其余 10%的 GIST 为野生型。最近的研究表明，各种 DNA 和 miRNA 可以作为 GIST 预后的潜在生物标志物，包括 KIT、PDGFRA、其他 DNA（如 BRAF、SDH、SETD2 和 ROR2）和 microRNAs（miRNAs）。还讨论了开发 GIST 循环预后生物标志物的迫切需求和挑战。尽管仍存在挑战，但 DNA 和 miRNA 是监测和预测 GIST 的有前途的循环生物标志物。阐明异常分子改变的进展可能为探索可靠和稳健的生物标志物开辟新途径，以改善 GIST 的管理。
