Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018 Dec;28(12):2668-2676. doi: 10.1111/sms.13264. Epub 2018 Aug 24.
This study examined how motor skills are associated with physical activity (PA), sedentary time, body fat, and day care attendance among young children. Also, the motor skills of healthy weight children were compared to those who were overweight or obese.
The study population consisted of five to six years old children (n = 111; 45 boys) who participated in the longitudinal STEPS Study carried out in Southwest Finland in 2013-2014. Motor skills were measured with the Bruininks-Oseretsky test, second edition (BOT-2) including fine manual control, manual coordination, body coordination, and strength and agility. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and sedentary time were objectively measured with hip-worn accelerometers. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on measured weight and height. Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured using segmental multifrequency bio impedance analysis. Day care attendance was measured with parental questionnaires. Linear regression analyses were adjusted by age, sex, and parental education.
Day care attendance was positively associated with body coordination and strength and agility. Lower BF% in girls was associated with higher strength and agility scores. There were no associations between manual coordination or fine manual control and the explanatory variables. Objectively measured MVPA and sedentary time showed no associations with motor skills. Overweight children had significantly lower scores in all motor skill composites (P < 0.05) than healthy weight children, except in fine manual control where the association was non-significant (P = 0.202).
Early prevention of overweight and obesity may be of importance and day care attendance may be beneficial for motor skill development.
本研究旨在探讨儿童运动技能与身体活动（PA）、久坐时间、体脂肪和日托参与之间的关系。此外，还比较了健康体重儿童与超重或肥胖儿童的运动技能。
研究对象为 2013-2014 年在芬兰西南部进行的纵向 STEPS 研究中的 5-6 岁儿童（n=111；45 名男孩）。运动技能采用 Bruininks-Oseretsky 测试第二版（BOT-2）进行测量，包括精细运动控制、手眼协调、身体协调、力量和敏捷度。中度至剧烈强度身体活动（MVPA）和久坐时间通过佩戴在髋部的加速度计进行客观测量。基于测量的体重和身高计算体重指数（BMI）。体脂肪百分比（BF%）通过分段多频生物阻抗分析进行测量。日托参与通过家长问卷进行测量。线性回归分析通过年龄、性别和父母教育进行调整。
日托参与与身体协调和力量敏捷度呈正相关。女孩较低的 BF%与较高的力量和敏捷度得分相关。手动协调或精细运动控制与解释变量之间没有关联。客观测量的 MVPA 和久坐时间与运动技能之间没有关联。超重儿童在所有运动技能综合指标上的得分明显低于健康体重儿童（P<0.05），除精细运动控制外，差异无统计学意义（P=0.202）。
早期预防超重和肥胖可能很重要，日托参与可能有益于运动技能发展。
