Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Sep 4;52(17):9874-9888. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01513. Epub 2018 Aug 22.
The omnipresence of plastics in our lives and their ever-increasing application range continuously raise the requirements for the monitoring of environmental and health impacts related to both plastics and their additives. We present a static probabilistic material flow analysis of seven polymers through the European and Swiss anthropospheres to provide a strong basis for exposure assessments of polymer-related impacts, which necessitates that the plastic flows from production to use and finally to waste management are well-understood. We consider seven different polymers, chosen for their popularity and application variety: low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), expanded polystyrene (EPS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). We include synthetic textile products and consider trade flows at various stages of the life cycle, thus achieving a complete overview of the consumption for these polymers. In Europe, the order of consumption is PP > LDPE > PET > HDPE > PVC > PS > EPS. Textile products account for 42 ± 3% of the consumption of PET and 22 ± 4% of PP. Incineration is the major waste management method for HDPE, PS, and EPS. No significant difference between landfilling and incineration for the remaining polymers is found. The highest recycling share is found for PVC. These results can serve as a basis for a detailed assessment of exposure pathways of plastics or their additives in the environment or exposure of additives on human health.
塑料在我们生活中的无处不在及其应用范围的不断扩大，不断提高了监测与塑料及其添加剂相关的环境和健康影响的要求。我们通过欧洲和瑞士人类环境进行了七种聚合物的静态概率物质流分析，为评估与聚合物相关的影响提供了坚实的基础，这需要充分了解塑料从生产到使用再到废物管理的流动情况。我们选择了七种不同的聚合物，因其受欢迎程度和应用多样性而被选中：低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）、高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、聚丙烯（PP）、聚苯乙烯（PS）、膨胀聚苯乙烯（EPS）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）。我们包括合成纺织品，并考虑了生命周期各个阶段的贸易流动，从而全面了解这些聚合物的消费情况。在欧洲，消费的顺序为 PP > LDPE > PET > HDPE > PVC > PS > EPS。纺织品占 PET 消费的 42 ± 3%，占 PP 消费的 22 ± 4%。HDPE、PS 和 EPS 的主要废物管理方法是焚烧。其余聚合物中，填埋和焚烧之间没有明显差异。PVC 的回收份额最高。这些结果可以作为详细评估环境中塑料或其添加剂的暴露途径或添加剂对人类健康的暴露的基础。
