Emergence of antimicrobial resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam or meropenem in the ICU: Intermittent versus continuous infusion. A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND

Prolonged infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics is broadly recognized as a strategy to optimize antibiotic therapy by achieving a higher percentage of time that concentrations remain above the minimal inhibitory concentration (% fT), i.e. the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index. However, %fT may not be the PK/PD index of choice for inhibition of resistance emergence and it is therefore unsure what impact prolonged infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics may have on the emergence of resistance.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study including 205 patients receiving either intermittent (101 patients) or continuous (104 patients) infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam or meropenem was conducted in the ICU of the Ghent University Hospital. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a prediction model and to determine whether the mode of infusion was a predictor of emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

RESULTS

Resistant strains emerged in 24 out of the 205 patients (11.7%). The mode of infusion was no predictor of emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was associated with a significantly higher risk for emergence of resistance.

CONCLUSIONS

In this retrospective cohort study, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam or meropenem was not related to the mode of infusion.