Breast Cancer Genetics and Indications for Prophylactic Mastectomy.

As more genetic information becomes available to inform breast cancer treatment, screening, and risk-reduction approaches, clinicians must become more knowledgeable about possible genetic testing and prevention strategies, including outcomes, benefits, risks, and limitations. The aim of this article is to define and distinguish high- and moderate-risk breast cancer predisposition genes, summarize the clinical recommendations that may be considered based on the identification of pathogenic variants (mutations) in these genes, and indications for risk-reducing and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.