Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, Hyogyo, 657-8501, Japan; Department of Preventive Gerontology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
Department of Preventive Gerontology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018 Sep-Oct;78:190-195. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.06.003. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
Older adults with cognitive impairment are at higher risk for various health problems. Although previous studies have suggested going outdoors more frequently might be effective to promote health, no longitudinal studies have examined objectively measured outdoor time in this population. This study examined the relationships between changes in objectively measured outdoor time and physical, psychological, and cognitive functions among older adults with cognitive impairments.
This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (n = 145). The baseline and 1-year follow-up data of outdoor time per day measured by the global positioning system, physical functions (6-minute walk test, 5-repetition chair stand test), psychological functions (Geriatric Depression Scale, simplified World Health Organization Five Well-being Index), and cognitive functions (tablet versions of the Trail-making Test, Symbol Digit Substitution Test, Word Memory Test, Story Memory Test) were used.
Multiple regression analyses revealed that changes in outdoor time were significantly associated with changes in 6-minute walk (standardized beta = 0.20, p = 0.048) and 5-repetition chair stand tests (standardized beta = -0.19, p = 0.032) after adjusting for baseline data, basic factors, and trial allocation. However, significant relationships between changes in outdoor time and psychological and cognitive functions were not revealed.
The results indicate that maintaining or increasing outdoor time would be effective to prevent declines in physical functions but that a quantitative aspect of going outdoors would have limited impact on psychological and cognitive functions among older adults with cognitive impairment.
认知障碍的老年人面临着更高的各种健康问题风险。虽然之前的研究表明，更频繁地外出可能有助于促进健康，但没有纵向研究在这一人群中检查过客观测量的户外活动时间。本研究旨在检验认知障碍老年人的客观测量户外活动时间变化与身体、心理和认知功能之间的关系。
这是一项随机对照试验（n=145）的二次分析。使用全球定位系统测量的每天户外活动时间的基线和 1 年随访数据、身体功能（6 分钟步行测试、5 次重复椅子站立测试）、心理功能（老年抑郁量表、简化世界卫生组织 5 项幸福指数）和认知功能（纸笔版连线测试、符号数字替代测试、单词记忆测试、故事记忆测试）。
多元回归分析显示，调整基线数据、基本因素和试验分配后，户外活动时间的变化与 6 分钟步行测试（标准化β=0.20，p=0.048）和 5 次重复椅子站立测试（标准化β=-0.19，p=0.032）的变化显著相关。然而，户外活动时间的变化与心理和认知功能之间没有显著关系。
结果表明，保持或增加户外活动时间可能对预防身体功能下降有效，但认知障碍老年人外出的数量方面对心理和认知功能的影响有限。
