Jacukowicz Aleksandra, Wężyk Agata
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera w Łodzi / Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Zakład Psychologii Zdrowia i Pracy / Department of Health and Work Psychology).
Med Pr. 2018 Aug 20;69(4):383-394. doi: 10.13075/mp.5893.00688. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
Physical demands, exposure to noise and intense contact of skin with musical instruments - inevitable in musicians' job - influence the development of musculoskeletal, hearing and skin problems. This paper aims at identifying playing-related health problems among Polish musicians and potential differences in this regard between students and professional musicians.
This questionnaire study involved 255 musicians who volunteered to participate - 104 students and 151 professional musicians having music education. The study sample included 61% of women. Mean age of the participants equaled 31 years old, mean playing experience - 23 years old.
From 10% to 79% (depending on the affected body part) of the studied musicians experienced musculoskeletal problems. Hearing (41% - tinnitus; 43% - hearing impairment and 52% - hyperacusis) and skin problems (69% - callosities, 58% - abrasions and 26% - allergic reactions) were reported less frequently and were assessed as less severe than musculoskeletal symptoms. The studied professionals assessed their hearing problems (hyperacusis, hearing impairment and tinnitus) as significantly more severe than reported by students. Young musicians, in turn, experienced more severe abrasions than the studied professional musicians. We found no significant differences between students and professionals as regards their musculoskeletal problems.
Playing-related health risks translate into relatively high prevalence of musculoskeletal as well as hearing and skin problems among musicians. Hence, it is essential for future studies to search for risk factors for these health problems as well as effective corrective and therapeutic measures. Med Pr 2018;69(4):383-394.
体力需求、接触噪音以及皮肤与乐器的密切接触——这些在音乐家的工作中不可避免——会影响肌肉骨骼、听力和皮肤问题的发展。本文旨在确定波兰音乐家与演奏相关的健康问题，以及学生和专业音乐家在这方面的潜在差异。
这项问卷调查研究涉及255名自愿参与的音乐家——104名学生和151名接受过音乐教育的专业音乐家。研究样本中女性占61%。参与者的平均年龄为31岁，平均演奏经验为23年。
在所研究的音乐家中，10%至79%（取决于受影响的身体部位）经历过肌肉骨骼问题。听力问题（41%——耳鸣；43%——听力障碍；52%——听觉过敏）和皮肤问题（69%——胼胝；58%——擦伤；26%——过敏反应）的报告频率较低，且被评估为不如肌肉骨骼症状严重。所研究的专业人员认为他们的听力问题（听觉过敏、听力障碍和耳鸣）比学生报告的严重得多。反过来，年轻音乐家经历的擦伤比所研究的专业音乐家更严重。在肌肉骨骼问题方面，我们发现学生和专业人员之间没有显著差异。
与演奏相关的健康风险导致音乐家群体中肌肉骨骼、听力和皮肤问题的患病率相对较高。因此，未来的研究必须寻找这些健康问题的风险因素以及有效的矫正和治疗措施。《医学实践》2018年；69(4):383 - 394。
